85 fail to render the meaning of the text in the way that Rowling intends because the
offensive term in the ST is neutralized in the TT.
Table 4.5. Examples of Functional Equivalent Strategy
Case No.
Source Text Target Text
12c They’ll kick you out the fuckin’
clinic again, you stupid fuckin’ bitch
” p. 110 “Mereka akan menendang bokongmu
keluar dari klinik sialan lagi, dasar perempuan
bodoh” p. 136 29
“Yeah, it were shit, weren’t it?” p. 249
“Iya, payah tuh.” p. 298
39
“Fuck off,” p. 324 “Menyingkir” p. 383
41
“Fuck off,” p. 325 “Pergi,” p. 384
42
“Fuck off.” p. 325 “Pergi.” p. 384
49 “An’ anyway, that doctor didn’ do
nuthin’ to Nana Cath, that’s all jus’ Cheryl an’ them talking
shit ” p. 407
“Lagian, dokter itu nggak ngapa- ngapain Nana Cath, itu cuma karangan
Cheryl dan y ang lain” p. 478
50 “I
fuckin’ will” p. 407 “Aku emang mau pergi” p. 478
53 “An’
wha’ the fuck’s that?” p.
438 “Dan apaan itu?” p. 517
Other examples are the word shit, fuck off, fucking and fuck. These words are translated into its functional equivalences in TT so that they lose their
dirtiness. For example word shit found in case number 29 and 49 in which both are deculturalized to payah and karangan in TT that are not taboo and do not have
negative sense. The word fuck off is translated into menyingkir and pergi that also do not have taboo reference and negative sense. The word fucking in case number
50 that serves its function as modal adverbial emphasizing Krystal’s willingness is translated into emang which in Bahasa Indonesia is usually used to state assertion.
While the word fuck found in what the fuck case number 53 is deculturalized in the TT so that it becomes apa,
as in “Dan apaan itu?” Even though the translation words in the TT do not have taboo meanings nor negative sense, they facilitate the
readers to know the intended meaning of the words in the ST.
86
4. Modulation
Modulation is a variation of the form of the message, obtained by a change in the point of view Vinay and Darbelnet, 1958, in Venuti, p. 89. This change
can be justified when the translation results in a grammatically correct utterance, it is considered unsuitable, unidiomatic or awkward in the TL. In Perebutan Kursi
Kosong, the researcher discovered two dirty words that are translated using modulation strategy. The results are presented in Table 4.6.
Table 4.6. Examples of Modulation Strategy
Case No.
Source Text Target Text
40
“It’s bollocks,” p. 324 “Dia bohong,” p. 383
45
“He jus’—he jus’ fucked me.” p. 326 “Dia—dia perkosa aku.” p. 386
The researcher saw that bollocks and fuck are translated using modulation strategy. Based on the discussion in part A, it is known that the word bollocks in
ST means nonsense and serves as figurative extension of word bollocks that means penis. Krystal uses the word bollocks referring news brought by Obbo
about Bellchapel clinic that will be shut down. Krystal regards the news as nonsense. While in ST, Rowling emphasizes in the news told by Obbo as a
nonsense, in the TT, the translators decide to change the point of view. They translate the speech emphasizing Obbo being lying toward Terri and Krystal.
The word fuck found in case number 45 is a strong offensive word in nature. Based on the dictionaries, lexical meaning of fuck is an act of coitus. In the
ST, the reseacher found out that the word fuck is used literally referring to Obbo compelling Krystal to make love with him. Analyzing the context, the translators
87 employ modulation strategy to the TT. They translate the word fuck into perkosa,
using Krystal’s point of view in seeing the incident of Obbo rapes her.
5. Compensation
Newmark 1988, p. 90 notes that compensation is used when loss of meaning, sound-effect, metaphor or pragmatic effect in one part of a sentence is
compensated in another part, or in a contiguous sentence. The researcher found that there are two occurrences of dirty words that are translated using
compensation strategy.
Table 4.7. Examples of Compensation Strategy
Case No.
Source Text Target Text
13 “You
fuckin’ calm down,” p.
110
“Tenang saja sendiri, brengsek,” p. 136
46
“It fuckin’ ain’t” p. 379 “Bukan, brengsek” p. 446
It can be inferred from Table 4.7 that the word fucking is not translated or is omitted from the TT but the pragmatic effect is compensated in another part.
6. Borrowing
According to Vinay and Darbelnet 1958, in Venuti, 200, p. 85, borrowing is done by directly using foreign terms without formal and semantic modification.
In Newmark’s model, this strategy is called transference 1988, p. 81. The researcher discovered that the Indonesian translators use borrowing once to
translate dirty word found in Krystal’s speech. Table 4.8 presents the use of
borrowing strategy to translate dirty word found in Krystal Weedon’s speech.
88
Table 4.8. Examples of Borrowing Strategy
Case No.
Source Text Target Text
23a And then Krystal, bringing up the
rear of the group with Sukhvinder, had called her a silly Paki bitch.
p. 148 Lalu Krystal, yang berjalan paling
belakang bersama
Sukhvinder,
menyebutnya Paki bego. p. 181
The word Paki refers to Pakistani or any native of the Indian subcontinent Dalzell and Victor, 2014, p. 576. In the ST, it can be seen that the word Paki is
addressed to Sukhvinder Jawanda, whose parents have Indian blood. In English, Paki is a taboo slang used to insult the Pakistani. In the TT, the translators employ
borrowing strategy and keep using the word Paki as can be seen in the following fragment. According to Vinay and Darbelnet 1958, in Venuti, 2000, p. 85,
borrowing strategy used to overcome a gap about unknown concept and to introduce the flavor of the SL culture into a translation. Bahasa Indonesia knows
word Pakistan but not Paki, therefore the translators introduce the word Paki in their translation. However, since Indonesian people are not familiar with the word
Paki, the effect created is not as offensive as in English.
7. Literal Translation
Literal translation or known as word for word translation is a direct transfer of a SL text into a grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text Vinay
and Darbelnet, 1958, in Venuti, 2000, p. 86. The researcher found that there is one dirty words that translated literally, as shown in the translation of word cow in
case number 17.
