Other Findings RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents two parts naming conclusions and recommendation. In the conclusion part, the researcher presents the summary of the research finding and highlighted the aspects. Whereas the recommendations part consists of recommendations for the current and the further research.

A. Conclusions

The objectives of this research are to discover and analyze Krystal Weedon ’s dirty words in The Casual Vacancy and to find out translation strategies used to translate the dirty words. The data were taken from Krystal Weedon’s speech in The Casual Vacancy and its Indonesia translation Perebutan Kursi Kosong. Regarding to the first objective of the research, the researcher found eighteen 18 dirty words, i.e. bastard, bitch, bolllocks, cow, fuck, fuck off, fucked, fucker, fucking, lezzer, muff muncher, paki, piss, prick, screw, shite, tosser, and twat with total occurences seventy-six 76 times. These findings were obtained by employing theories mainly from Jay 1992, Allan and Burridge 2006, McEnery 2006, and Ljung 2011. The themes of the dirty words vary from sexual activities, sexual organs or intimated part of the body, bodily effluvia or scatological matter, ancestral allusion, names of animal, race and social deviation. Some of the dirty words have literal meanings, as in fuck, piss, and shit and the others have figurative meanings, as in bollocks, fucked, and prick. Further, the figurative meaning extends to serve various functions, i.e. expletive interjection, name calling, anaphoric use 94 of epithets, adjective of dislike, emphasis, emphatic adverbadjective, adverbialadjectival intensifier, modal adverbial, unfriendly suggestion, destinational usage, and figurative extension. However, there are dirty words that their functions are unclassifiable due to insufficient context. These findings prove that Krystal is a foul-mouthed girl who talks to anyone without considering their positions, i.e. mother, teacher, social worker or even deputy headmaster. Thus, it can be concluded that Krystal only speaks using Newmark’s taboo level as there are many dirty words found in her speech and other levels of formality in speech do not apply for her. Related to the second research objective, the researcher found that the translators employed seven translation strategies out of twenty-five translation strategies compiled in the theoretical framework. Those translation strategies were cultural equivalent used twenty-three times, functional equivalent used eight times, translation by omission used thirty-two times, literal translation used once, compensation used twice, borrowing used once, and modulation used twice. The researcher also found that there were seven dirty words that were not translated using the compiled translation strategies. Those words were tosser 21b, fuck off 24a, fuck 44, 57, screw 51b, lezzer 60, and muff muncher 62. In the translation, the translators chose to translate them using words that had different meanings from the ST. The researcher also learned that the translators may translate the dirty words using certain translation strategies with some considerations and reasons. The translators choose translation by omission when the meaning of dirty words in the 95 ST are not vital enough to the development of the text, as found in the omissions of many word fucking in the TT; or when the dirty words are too taboo if they are translated in their equivalences in the TT, as found in case number 23b with word bitch and case number 25 with word shite. Cultural equivalent strategy may be employed by the translators when the dirty words in the source language are unknown in the target language culture so that the translators need to make adjustment from source language culture to target language culture. The examples can be found in the translation of word prick into kampret, bitch into perempuan jalang, fuck as an expletive into sialan. The translators may employ functional equivalent by considering that the dirty words in the ST need to be deculturalized in the TT so that the readers in the TT will understand the equivalent concept in the TT, it can be found in the translation of word bitch into perempuan, shit into payah and karangan. The translators may use modulation strategy when they are considering the importance of point of view, as found in the translation of word fuck into perkosa in case number 45. In that case, the translators renders it from Krystal Weedon’s point of view in seeing the incident as the act of raping instead of making love. The translators may apply compensation strategy to compensate the loss of meaning or pragmatic effect in one part of sentence in another part or in a contiguous sentence, as found in the translation of word fucking in case number 13. In the TT, the word fucking is not translated directly but there is another compensation in the TT that gives similar pragmatic effect. Borrowing strategy may be applied when the translators want to introduce the readers to a concept known in the source language, this can be seen in the translation of word Paki in case number 96 23a. Literal translation may be applied when the translators know that a concept in the SL can be transferred directly in the TL. However this translation does not consider the other meaning that a word may possess. This can be found in the case number 96 in which the translators translate the dirty word cow into sapi, its literal meaning in target language. The application of strategy as found in other findings based on the researcher’s analysis is to reduce offensiveness of the dirty words when they are translated into target language. The examples are word screw and word muff muncher. The word screw is translated into piaraan and the word muff muncher is translated into banyak omong.

B. Recommendations

Based on the findings of the research, there are some recommendations suggested. For the contribution to the current research, the translation of dirty words in a novel can be a field of study in Translation and the analysis of the dirty words can be a field of study in Sociolinguistics related to level of formality in language. For the contribution of the further research, further research is expected to analyze other themes of dirty words that have not been found and discussed in this research, to mention religious theme and mother theme; or to find and analyze the other functions of the dirty words that have not been found in this research. These suggestions for further research are expected to find out more translation strategies being involved in the translating process. Further research is also expected to deal with meaning of the translation that has not been discussed in this research. 97 REFERENCES Abrams, M. 1981. A glossary of literary terms. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc. Akmajian, A., Demers, R., Farmer, A. Harnish, R. 2010. An introduction to language and communication 6 th ed.. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Allan, K., Burridge, K. 2006. Forbidden words: Taboo and the censoring language. New York: Cambridge University Press. Ary, D., Jacobs, L., Razavieh, A. 2002. Introduction to research in education 6 th ed.. Belmont: Thomson Learning. Baker, M. 1992. In other words: A coursebook on translation. London: Routledge. Bassnett, S. 2002. Translation studies. 3 rd ed.. New York: Routledge. Bell, R. 1997. Translation and translating: Theory and practice. New York: Longman Inc. Catford, J. 1965. A linguistic theory of translation. London: Oxford University Press. Coleman, J. 2012. The life of slang. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Creswell, J. 2007. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches 2 nd ed.. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication Inc. Dalzell, T., Victor, T. Eds.. 2014. The concise new partridge dictionary of slang and unconventional English 2 nd ed.. New York: Routledge. Dumas, B., Lighter, J. 1978. Is slang a word for linguists?. American speech, 53 1, 5-17. Durham: Duke University Press. Eble, C. 1996. Slang and sociability: In-group language among college students. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. Fraenkel, J. Wallen. N. 2009. How to design and evaluate research in education 7 th ed.. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., Hyams, N. 2003. An introduction to language 7 th ed.. Massachusetts: Thomson Heinle.