20
3. Information Gathering Technique IGT in Communicative Language
Teaching CLT
Richards 2006 defines that Communicative Language Teaching CLT as a set of principles about goals of language teaching, how learners learn a
language, the kinds of activities that best facilitate learning and the roles of teachers and learners in the classroom that all of them set the goals to
communicative competence. Then, Marton 1988 states it as an approach for the second and foreign language teaching that involves more than simply learning
grammatical pattern and rules. It gives the students chances improving their abilities to communicate in target language.
In this case, according to Richards 2006, information gathering technique is a techniques in CLT which requires the learners to conduct surveys, interviews,
and researches in the classroom activities. This teachnique can be applied in any skill. However, the technique will be more effective used in speaking skill. It is
because the students are required using their linguistic resources to collect the information. The students are able to think creatively and critically in performing
their communicative competences to collect information from others to construct their knowledge in studying English.
There are several teaching and learning ways to conduct information gathering technique. They are stated as follows.
21
a. Conducting One-on-One Interviews The most common technique for gathering requirements is to interview
someone and ask about some information. The discussion should be planned based on the information that are going to be known. There are many good ways
to plan an interview, but generally the students can use open-ended questions to get much information from their interviewees.
b. Group Interviews Group interviews are similar to the one-on-one interview, except that more
than one person is being interviewed. These interviews work well when everyone is at the same level or has the same role. Group interviews require more
preparation and more formality to get the information.
c. Facilitated Sessions In a facilitated session, the teacher brings a larger group five or more
together for a common purpose. In this case, the teacher are trying to gather a set of common requirements from the group. The students are asked to present their
result of interviews and share it to others.
d. Using Some Cases Using some cases are basically a stories that describe how discrete
processes work. The stories include people actors and describe how the solution works from a user perspective. Using some cases may be easier for the users to
22
articulate, although using some cases may need to be distilled later into the more specific detailed requirements.
e. Conducting Question and Answer This technique is especially helpful when gathering information on current
processes. The teacher can give some questions as the guideline and the students anwer those questions based on their knowledge. The students can share their
knowledge to their friends.
f. Brainstorming On some projects, the requirements are not uncovered as much as the
students are discovered. In other words, the solution is brand new and needs to be created as a set of ideas that people can agree to. In this activity, simple
brainstorming may be the starting point. The students can do brainstorming in class disscussion and try to get appropriate solutions from a problem.
g. Survey In this activity, the students can do some surveis toward some problems or
phenomena in their daily life. They can collect information to construct their new paradigms in learning such topic. This technique help the students to be sensitive
with phenomena surrounding them.
23
h. Conducting Mini Research In gathering the data, the students have a role as a researcher. They need to
search some solutions toward some problems. This action will lead them to use their communication skill to be more critical in facing some problems. They can
get information and solve some teaching and learning problems. In the extension, the CLT activities are usually conducted in pair or group
discussion. Malton 1988 says that class situation is formed as real communication world. The students can encourage theirselves to be active in the
class discussion and get many benefits from others. .
4. The Characteristic of Information Gathering Technique in CLT Classroom
Kategori