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and determine the clarity, readability, and the validity of the product later. According to Borg and Gall 1983, there were ten steps in conducting R D
research. They were research and information gathering, planning, developing preliminary form of product, conducting preliminary field testing, conducting
main product revision, conducting main field testing, conducting operational product revision, conducting operational field testing, conducting final product
revision, and conducting dissemination and implementation. Since there was limitation of time, the researcher did six steps as the research procedures. They
were stated as follows.
1. Research and Information Collecting
The first step was research and information collecting which included review of literature, classroom observation, and preparation of report of state of
the art. The researcher tried to collect the framework information about the teacher and students as the participants in this research. The data were essential to
be used as the basic knowledge about the need analysis.
2. Planning
The next step was planning which included defining skills, stating objectives, determining course sequence, and conducting small scale feasibility
testing. The researcher determined learning objectives and the goals of the study. It was beneficial to compose those aspects as the framework.
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3. Develop Preliminary Form of Product
It is included preparation of instructional materials, handbooks, and evaluation devices. In this stage, the researcher had prepared the product and
developed it into a set of material which was ready to be tested. It was the first product of the materials designed.
4. Preliminary Field Testing
It was conducted in the school. The researcher did it to the small subjects of research. It aimed to diagnose the appropriateness of the topic. Moreover, it is
useful to determine the learners’ background knowledge about the topic.
5. Main Product Revision
It was the revision of the product as suggested by the preliminary field- testing. In this stage, the researcher did the correction to the part which became
the weakness of the product. It was the first revision of the designing process.
6. Reporting the Final Product
The revision was conducted by considering the result of operational field- testing. It was obvious to compose final product which was suitable with the
learners’ needs. The materials were expected useful for improving the students competence in learning.
Those steps had covered the process in conducting the research. The researcher would make the correlation of the research procedure and the
theoretical framework. In the end of this research, the research aimed to discover,
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develop, and validate a new educational product as seen in English speaking materials for the tenth grade students of SMA BOPKRI 2 Yogyakarta
B. Research Participants
