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2. Teaching and Learning of Speaking Skill
Porter and Johnson 1983 state that in communicative language teaching, the ability to speak is important. The teachers and the students need to show off
their communication skills through speaking competence. Richards 2006 also implies that speaking is an activity to produce words and voice through oral
communication. From those two statements, we can see that speaking is a continuous process which deals with oral production in communication ways.
a. The Nature of Speaking
Widdowson 1978 defines speaking as a kind of active and productive characteristic that use aural medians. It is a part of reciprocal exchange in which
the reception and production play apart. Nunan 2003 states that speaking is the productive aural or oral skill. It consists of producing systematic verbal utterances
to convey meaning. In the speaking process the participant do the self-interaction or social interaction by conducting dialogue, discussion, presentation, and others
oral communication to vary certain meaning.
b. Learning Speaking
Paulston and Bruder 1976 define that speaking is the way to learn language actively. It means when we practice speaking, we learn to communicate
the language. To clarify the meaning of the speaking activities, the participants have to know how to manage the arguments and manage the confidence in stating
the ideas in the systematic ways.
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Moreover, Nunan 2003 states that people do not learn the pieces of language and then put them together to make conversation. Instead, they are
acquiring their first language and learning the second language by interacting with other people. This realization has several interesting implications. If people learn
the language by interacting and practicing, the students need to use the language in their class interactions regularly so that they will be accustomed to use English
in their daily life. It will make the language taught efficiently.
c. Teaching Speaking
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