Observation Checklist Field Notes

46 completed the task. The second aspect was pronunciation. It included how the students pronounced the English words. The third aspect was grammar. It included how the students produced the expressions in the correct form. The fourth aspect was fluency. It included the students’ speed in delivering the speech. The fifth and sixth aspects were politeness and enthusiasm. Those characteristics included the students’ attitude in having communication with other people. Each aspect was labeled by score one up to five. Each score had own criteria. The criteria of each score could be seen below. Table 3.1 The Rubric for Speaking Tests No Aspect Score Criteria 1 Task 1 Minimal attempt to complete the task andor responses frequently inappropriate. 2 Partial completion of the task yet needs help in handling any complication or difficulties. 3 Partial completion of the task, responses mostly appropriate yet undeveloped. 4 Completion of the task responses appropriately and adequately developed. 5 Completion of the task perfectly, responds with elaboration. 2 Pronun- ciation 1 Frequent errors, little or no communication. 2 Some mispronunciations and a very heavy accent make understanding difficult, require frequent repetition. 3 Mispronunciations do not interfere with understanding, show the “foreign accent” 4 Errors in pronunciation are quite rare. 5 No conspicuous mispronunciations. 3 Grammar 1 Frequent inadequate andor inaccurate use of basic language structure. 2 Producing constant errors frequently shows uncontrolled of using major patterns. 3 Producing constant errors that cause misunderstanding. 4 Producing some errors but it can be understood. 5 Control of grammar is good. Few errors, with no pattern of failure. 4 Fluency 1 Speech is so halting with long pauses andor incomplete thoughts. 2 Speech is very slow andor with frequent pauses, few and no incomplete thoughts for short or routine sentences. 47 No Aspect Score Criteria 3 Speech is frequently hesitant; can manage to continue and complete the idea. 4 Speech is occasionally hesitant, with some unevenness caused by rephrasing and groping for words. 5 Speech is almost fluent, effortless and smooth, but perceptibly non-native in speech and evenness. 5. Politeness 1 Showing uncooperative and irresponsible attitude, less interaction and respect for others, not giving any respond. 2 Occasionally showing cooperation and respect for others, sometimes giving the respond. 3 Showing cooperation and respect for others, always giving the respond, but it requires motivation from the teacher. 4 Demonstrating respect most of the time, having good interaction with the other students. 5 Always showing respect for others both to the teacher and classmates and responsibility; can work well with everyone. 6 Enthu- siasm 1 Consistently showing little or no effort; passive all the time. 2 Not putting forth an effort to be able to speak well; passive most of the time. 3 Occasionally showing the effort to be able to speak well and having acceptable demonstration of willingness to perform to the best of hisher ability. 4 Having good demonstration of willingness to perform to the best of hisher ability; occasionally working at a challenging level. 5 Having excellent demonstration of willingness to perform to the best of hisher ability; almost working at a challenging level. Modified from: Sample Assessment Tools, page 4 and 30; A Collection of Performance Task and Rubrics: Foreign Languages, page 39; Brown 2004, pp. 172-173; Hughes 1989, pp. 111-112

E. Data Analysis Technique

Merriam 2009 states that “data analysis is the process of making sense out of data, which involves consolidating, reducing, and interpreting what people have said and what the researcher has seen and read…It is the process of making meaning” p. 176. The data gathered before the implementation and during the implementation were analyzed to find out whether or not cue cards used in the teaching and learning activity could effectively and efficiently improve the students ’ speaking skill. The instruments that the researcher used to gather the