Speaking Skills X Kimia Industri of SMK Negeri 2 Depok

14 function, in which the primary purpose of speech is the maintenance of social relationships. Scoot Thornbury 2005 as cited in Harmer 2007, p. 343 suggests that there are various dimensions of different speaking events to differentiate speaking genres. Based on the purpose of speaking, speaking can be categorized into two types. They are transactional function and interpersonal function. Harmer 2007 explains “transactional funtion has its main purpose in conveying information and facilitating the exchange of goods and services, whereas the interpersonal functional is all about mainta ining and sustaining good relations between people” p. 343. Harmer 2007 also shows another categorization of speaking. They are interactive and non-interactive. Interactive speaking is the conversation done by two or more people in which each person speaks. Each person will give and receive the information. The example of interactive speaking is the conversation that takes place between the seller and the customer in the market. While non- interactive speaking is the conversation that involves two or more people but there is only one person who is the most dominant. The example of non-interactive speaking is leaving message on the phone. The last categorization that is shown by Harmer 2007, p. 343 is planned and unplanned speaking. Planned speaking is the situation when the speaker can prepare what he or she is going to speak. The example of planned speaking is a lecture or wedding speech. Unplanned speaking is the situation when the speaker 15 directly and spontaneously gives respond or reaction to the other speakers. The example of unplanned speaking is bumping into someone on the street. Brown 2004, pp. 141-142 proposed five basic types of speaking. The first type is imitative speaking. In this type of speaking, the speakers are supposed to have the ability to simply parrot back imitate a word or phrase or possibly a sentence. For instance, the speaker parrot back short stretch of language retained by a native speaker or recording. The second type of speaking is intensive speaking. It deals with the production of short stretches of oral language designed to demostrate in a narrow band of grammartical, phrasal, lexical, or phonological relationships such as prosodic elements-intonation, stress, rhythm, and juncture. The examples of intensive speaking are sentence and dialogue completion, directed response task and the like. Responsive speaking, which is the third type of speaking, requires the speakers to be able to give the correct and expected answer of certain question verbally. This speaking can be used for interaction and test comprehension by in the limited level of very short conversations, standard greetings and small talk, simple requests and comments, and the like. The four type of speaking is interactive speaking which is to maintain the social relationships. The fifth type of speaking is extensive speaking. It requires the speakers to produce a monologue, oral presentations, or story-telling.

d. Speaking Accuracy and Fluency

Bailey 2003 as cited in Nunan 2003, p. 55 suggests that there are two important aspects that should be paid attention on speaking. They are speaking fluency and speaking accuracy. Bailey 2003 states that speaking fluency “… is