The Aims of Teaching Speaking

21 searches. In order to help the students to be fluent in speaking, teachers should give the students opportunities to speak. Teachers must provide various activities that can enable the students to use the language and practice it. Teacher should be able to allocate the time effectively. Moreover, if the only opportunity the students have to speak in English is just in the class during the English lesson. Teacher must give understanding that making mistakes is a natural part of learning a new language. Feedback that is given to the students should be in the correct way. Bailey 2003 states students cannot develop fluency if the teacher keeps interrupting the students’ speech to correct the students’ oral errors. 3 Provide opportunities for students to talk by using group work or pair work, and limiting teacher talk In teaching speaking, teachers should minimize their domination to talk in the class. In other words, teachers have to give opportunities to the students to speak a lot. Bailey 2003 suggests that “pair work and group work activities can be used to increase the amount of time that learners get to speak in the target language during lessons” p. 55. It means that the pair work and group work are very effective to make the students speak when they learn the language in class. Students usually feel more comfortable, relaxed and free to speak with their friends in groups rather than in whole class. Therefore, teachers must provide many activities that enable the students to speak and practice the language with their friends. 22 4 Plan speaking tasks that involve negotiation for meaning The negotiation for meaning is the ability to understand and to be understood by the other speakers in the communication of the target language. Bailey 2003, p. 55 adds that “by asking for clarification, repetition, or explanation during conversations, learners get the people they are speaking with to address them with language at a level they can learn and understand. They are natural in the speaking context. It is why memorizing is not the appropriate way to learn speaking. It makes the way of speaking look unnatural. The students need to learn how to speak naturally by involving the use of the negotiating for meaning. 5 Design classroom activities that involve guidance and practice in both transactional and interactional speaking Bailey 2003 mentions that the classroom activities for teaching speaking must cover transactional and interactional speaking activities, because those are the main purposes of speaking activities. Bailey 2003 also adds that “speaking activities inside the classroom need to embody both interactional and transactional purposes. Since language learners will have to speak the target language in both transactional and int eractional setting” p. 56. The teachers must create the teaching and learning activities that enable the students to use the language for both transactional and interactional purposes. To develop speaking techniques, Nunan 2003 states seven principles. They are: a Techniques that are used should cover the spectrum of learner needs, from language based focus on accuracy to message-based focus on interaction, meaning, and fluency;