Semi-structured Focus Group Interviews

48 data were field notes, interview, observation checklist, questionnaire and speaking test. Data gathered from questionnaire and speaking test were included in quantitative data while data gathered from field notes, interview and observation checklist were included in qualitative data. The data gathered from the questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The closed-ended questions were analyzed quantitatively and presented in the form of numbers and percentage. The open-ended questions were analyzed qualitatively and presented in the form of short descriptions. Since the closed-ended questions in the questionnaire used Likert scale, the researcher analyzed the students’ answers by using the formula which was defined by Hoel 1971, p. 16 and Vaus 2002, pp. 193-195. The formula is presented as follows. Note: n : the number of the students who choose the option. Σn : means the total number of the students There were 10 items of closed-ended questions. The students had to put check on the item which showed their responses. Each response had different points : “Strongly agree” had 4 points, “agree” had 3 points, “disagree” had 2 points, and “strongly disagree” had 1 point. As a result, the lowest point of each student was 10, while the highest point was 40. The mean score between 10 and 40 was 25. Hence, if the mean score equals to or is less than 25, it causes a negative perception. The formula is clarified as follows. 49 Hoel, p. 16 The next data which would be analyzed were data gathered from the speaking tests. The researcher conducted speaking tests in every cycle in order to measure the students’ improvement in speaking. From this speaking test, the researcher would know how effective and efficient the cue cards were. There were six aspects that would be measured. They were the understanding of the task, pronunciation, grammar, fluency, politeness and enthusiasm. The score for each aspect was one and the maximum score was five. To find the final score, the researcher used the formula defined by Brown 2004, p. 157 and Hughes 1989, p. 220. Therefore, the final score for each student would be in the following formula: The results of the interviews were analyzed by summarizing and paraphrasing the students’ answers. The interview data would be the confirmation description to the results of the questionnaire. The data gathered from field notes and observation checklist were analyzed by summarizing them into a form of description. Then, data gathered from the interviews, questionnaire, field notes, Task+Pronunciation+Grammar+Fluency+Politeness+Enthusiasm x 100 ____________________________________________________________ = 100 30