Sayogie,
98
who is in line with Hendarto cited in Ganesha,
99
suggests some abilities that a translator of novel has, namely: 1 Literary Sense; 2 Mastery of
Source Language; 3 Mastery of Receptor Language; 4 Familiar with the Culture of Source Language 5 Familiar with the Culture of Receptor Language;
6 Good Knowledge, 7 Supporting Reference. Then he proposes some steps to translate the novel. The first step is a
translator must read the original novel fully to obtain the information about the character, plot, setting, utterance style, and implicit meaning in the novel. The
second is finding the other information or the extrinsic elements of novel such as the background and the author of novel. The third is deciding the utterance style
will be used in the translation. The fourth is marking the problem or something hard to translate. The last is solving it by finding the appropriate equivalent
cyclically.
100
E. Cultural Words
1. Definition
Translation is a process which involves two languages, namely source language and receptor language. It can also be said that translation involving two
different cultures. Translation is the process of finding meaning and conveys the meaning of a culture into another culture. Therefore, cultural differences between
source language and receptor language makes translator difficult in producing translation well, because it needs to know and learn the culture of both languages.
98
Ibid. p. 204-206
99
Surjo Ganesha 2004, loc.cit.
100
Frans Sayogie 2009, op.cit. pp. 206-207
According to Newmark, definition of culture is “the way of life of manifestations that are peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as
its means of expressions.”
101
Corder describes culture as sets of beliefs, political or ethical and behavior common to the member of community in which they share
to a large extent of the way they see the world around them, interpret events, and consider what an important to them. Accordingly, culture includes beliefs, norms,
values, assumptions, expectations, and plans of action.
102
Related to the words bounded by culture, Newmark says, “most cultural words are easy to detect, since they are associated with a particular language and
cannot be literally translated … where literal translation would distort the meaning and a translation may include an appropriate descriptive-functional equivalent”.
103
Therefore, it can be concluded that cultural words is as a particular words living embodiment in a group of people interact or communicate each other in a period
time which can not be literally translated.
2. The Types of Cultural Words
Newmark states, cultural words can be categorized into five, namely: a.
Ecology. It is a geographical feature that can be normally distinguished from other cultural terms in that they are usually value-free, politically
and commercially. It includes flora, fauna, mountain, river, natural conditions, for example wedus gembel a fog, serindit melayu bird, etc;
101
Peter Newmark 1988, op.cit. p. 94.
102
S.Pit Corder, Introducing Applied Lingustics Great Britain: Hazell Watson 7 Viney, 1973, p. 68.
103
Peter Newmark 1988, op.cit. p. 95.
b. Material culture artefacts. It is the culture specific element that
includes clothing, food, transportation, tools and equipments, etc. For example getek, pempek, kebaya, etc;
c. Social culture: work and leisure such as the names of music, games or
dance that is typical in certain areas such as keroncong, kuda lumping, malam takbiran, kopi darat
, etc; d.
Organization, customs, ideas: political, social, legal, religious, artistic. The linguistic manifestations of this concept cannot be translated into a
language where the audience is unfamiliar with it, for example SLB the Special Needs School, kepala desa, sumpah pemuda, and so on;
e. Gestures and habits. In this case, there is a distinction between
description and function which can be made where necessary in ambiguous cases: thus, if people smile a little when someone dies or give
a thumbs-up to signal OK, all of which occur in some cultures and not in others. These are activities or actions carried out from generation to
generation, like kerja bakti, bersila, nujuh bulan, aben, lamaran, etc
104
104
Peter Newmark 1988, op.cit. p. 95.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Description
In data description, the writer tabulates the selected data of cultural words which are taken from Laskar Pelangi and the Rainbow Troops including the types
of cultural words, the procedure of translation, and the strategy of translation that are used by the translator, Angie Kilbane. The selected data can be tabulated as
follows.
Table 1: The Data of Cultural Words, Their Classification, the Procedure of Translation, and
the Strategy of Translation
No Laskar Pelangi
the Rainbow Troops The Types of
Cultural Words The Procedure of
Translation The Strategy of
Translation
1 Dul Muluk
2 Dul Muluk
2 Idea: play
Pure Borrowing with wholly italic
Foreignizing
2 Pamanda Guru 6 Pamanda Guru 6
Idea: traditional address.
Pure Borrowing with partial italic
Foreignizing
3
air jeruk sambal
32 orange juice 49
Material Culture: drinks
Cultural Equivalence Domesticating
4 Dasa Dharma
Pramuka 74 Dasa Dharma
Pramuka – the Boy
Scout Promise 62 Idea: Thinking
Notes as
noun: compound noun
Neutralizing
5 libur lebaran 77
Lebaran school break
63 Social Culture:
leisure Descriptive Equivalent
using loan word Domesticating
6 azan zuhur 133
zuhur call to prayer
115 Idea: religious
Functional Equivalence using loan word
Domesticating
