Naturalized borrowing naturalization is employed for translating the proper name randu of the phrase pohon randu into random. Cultural equivalent
is conducted when communicative situation is difficult to understand in the culture of RL. When the situation of SL doesn’t exist in RL, other equivalent
situation has to be created. Cultural equivalent is used for translating the drink air jeruk sambal
, since there is a drink in RL culture that resembles to air jeruk sambal
. This procedure is the good solution in applying “dynamic equivalence”. Meanwhile, reduction is applied for translating the word bungkus rokok jambu bol
into cigarette packs. It is used to delete the brand of cigarette that is not needed in the translation. The translator seems to use this procedure if the word’s meaning is
not found in RL culture and the importance is minor. In addition, she also does the mixed procedure, namely cultural equivalent + descriptive equivalent. This mixed
procedure is specialized to translate the complex cultural word pontang panting memikulnya
into scramble back with them on your shoulder.
2. The Strategy of Translation
According to data analysis, the translator applies all strategies, namely: foreignizing, neutralizing, and domesticating. Foreignizing is applied in
translating four selected cultural words, such as Dul Muluk, Pamanda Guru, and Pangkalan Punai
. Neutralizing is applied to translate five selected cultural words, like menata janur, tabla, and cinta monyet. Meanwhile, the translator employs
domesticating in translating eight selected cultural words, for example kopiah, azan zuhur
, and air jeruk sambal. In other words, from 17 selected cultural words,
it can be terminated that 4 SCW selected cultural words are foreignized, 5 SCW are neutral, 8 SCW are domesticated. Therefore, it can be concluded that, the most
frequently translation strategy applied is domesticating. As the issue of meaning-based translation to form-based translation that
implicates the debate between foreignizing and domesticating. Then the neutralizing tries to neutralize the dispute. The translator has three options to
render a cultural word. It can be foreignized, domesticated, or neutral. It depends on the aims that the translator intends.
Cultural words in Laskar Pelangi are mainly domesticated in translation. It indicates that the translator aimed at acceptability. Despite the fact that
domesticating will cut the promoting the foreign culture for RL readers, bearing in mind the novel lovers mainly interested at the entertaining story which is
developed by the comprehensible translation. Their interests are in the plot, but not in the SL culture. Domesticating includes four procedures, namely: cultural
equivalent, functional equivalent, descriptive equivalent, and reduction. In the writer’s opinion, the factor affecting the choice of domesticating is
the purpose of the translator. This translation is made for general kinds of readers, thus domesticating is preferred. As the translator Angie Kilbane says in her note,
“one of our goals in translating Laskar Pelangi into English is to share it with the world-not just Southeast Asian Studies libraries and classes. In the hope that
Laskar Pelangi will appeal to a wider audience, …”
123
123
Andrea Hirata, the Rainbow Troops. Translator, Angie Kilbane. Yogyakarta: Bentang, 2009, p. 467.
Meanwhile, neutralizing as the solution of the dispute between foreignizing and domesticating, is the second most commonly strategy applied by
the translator. It is the best way to translate the cultural words. As Nababan states that the best way for translating the word that has no equivalent in other language
is preserved the original word then giving the annotation to explain it.
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The result by using this way will be accurate as source language and accepted for
receptor language. This strategy employs the procedure of notes. However, the translator tends to use receptor language oriented translation
by employing domesticating. For the reason that it is not good to apply notes procedure which is developed by neutralizing for all cultural specific items in
whole text, since it will make the reader busy to read the explanation. For the best way, using notes just for really specific cultural words in which the RL readers
don’t know that concept. Foreignizing includes pure borrowing and naturalized borrowing. It occurs
when cultural words have already been known by readers such as cultural word of proper name Pangkalan Punai. Considering the fact that such cultural words that
the readers probably know and understand the concept, the translator hardly ever applies foreignizing. The translator doesn’t make the reader confused when they
read the novel. She wants to make the translation that does not look like a translation invisible, but like the authors original essay, so, the readers feels the
translation as if the original.
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M. Rudolf Nababan 2003, op.cit. p. 37.
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Language is unique. It has special characteristic that is bound by culture, therefore in the case of translating of cultural words in which its concept is
unknown for readers, the translator often face the problem which is untranslatability. However, because of language is universal, it may be to render
the cultural words in a language to another language. Despite the fact that translation of cultural word is hard job evens it is impossible, in the writer’s
opinion, it is possible. Actually, the impossible is the rendition of the same surface structure grammatical; while for the case of rendition of the similar deep
structure meaning, it is possible. Based on research finding, it can be concluded that are as follows:
1. The translator uses 7 procedures in translating selected cultural words of
Laskar Pelangi , namely:
a. Pure borrowing: 1 with italic, 2 partial italic, and 3 without italic;
b. Naturalized borrowing;
c. Notes: 1 as alternative, 2 as noun: compound noun and noun
phrase, 3 as a participial group, 4 as parentheses; d.
Cultural equivalent; e.
Functional equivalent: 1 using a generic word and 2 using a loan word;
