notion as “approach”.
73
Therefore, it is clear that strategy is a plan or approach that a translator applies on a given text to achieve hisher aims whether heshe
wants to introduce the foreign culture foreignized, prefers to produce the local concept domesticated or chooses both of them neutral.
2. Kinds of Translation Strategies
There are three kinds of translation strategies, namely foreignizing, domesticating and neutralizing. Domesticating and foreignizing are two basic
translation strategies that are postulated firstly by German theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher in 1813, then the further developed by Italian scholar Lawrence
Venuti.
74
Meanwhile, neutralizing is the new strategy that is coined by He Sanning.
75
a. Foreignizing
According to Venuti, foreignizing is “an ethnodeviant pressure on those cultural values to register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign
text, sending the reader abroad“.
76
It designates the type of translation in which a receptor text deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the
foreignness of the original.
77
This strategy is an effort to keep the source language
73
Chuici Kamei, “Domesticating and Foreignizing Approaches in Japanese-English Translation.” Translation and Cultural Dialogue, Bogor: Association of Indonesian Translator,
2007, p. 99.
74
Lawrence Venuti, The Translator Invisibility: A History of Translation London Newyork: Routledge, 1995, p. 15.
75
He sanning 2007, op.cit. pp. 124-128.
76
Lawrence Venuti 1995, loc.cit.
77
Wenfen Yang 2010, op.cit. p. 77.
word which sounds foreign for receptor language reader or hearer but it is a common one for source language.
78
Munday says that foreignizing is applied to make the readers of receptor language feel that translator is “visible” and they will
tell “they are reading a translation.
79
That statement means the translation that looks like a translation is a translation that contains form and element of source
language. It is clear that foreignizing is the strategy that is oriented on source language.
By using foreignizing strategy, a translator will use the equivalence concept of Nida’s “Formal Correspondence”; Larson’s “Form-Based Translation”;
and Newmark’s “Semantic Translation” which are the equal concepts. Formal correspondence is basically oriented on source language which is produced as
much as possible of form and content of the original message.
80
Form-based translation is a notion which is focused on rendering the form of source language
than the meaning.
81
Semantic translation is the method which is preferred the accuracy of the meaning.
82
Here is the example of a translator who applies foreignizing: SLT
: …The boy reached out for his father. “Dad”
Their eyes locked for one terrifying second.
78
Darja Mazi-Lezkovar, Domestication and Foreignization in Translating American Prose
for Slovenian
Children 2003.
Accessed on
January 2
th
2011. http:www.erudit.orgrevuemeta2003v48n1-2006972ar.html
. p. 1
79
Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications London and Newyork: Routledge, 2001. p. 147
80
E.A. Nida, Toward Science of Translating Leiden:E.J.Brill, 1964, p.165
81
Mildred L. Larson 1984, op.cit. p. 10.
82
Peter Newmark 1988, op.cit. p. 46.
Dan Brown, The Lost Symbol, p. 5 RLT : Bocah itu menjangkau ayahnya.
“Dad” Mereka bertatapan selama satu detik yang mengerikan.
Dan Brown, The Lost Symbol, translated by Ingrid Dwijani, p.26
From that example, the translator attempts to keep cultural atmosphere of source language that is American-English culture. The word “Dad” which is
borrowed makes the readers fell that the conversation is in USA. Such translator choice shows that heshe applies foreignizing strategy.
b. Domesticating
