Saran SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 7.1. Simpulan
108 Deptan. 2005. Standard Operational Procedure SOP Mangga Gedong Gincu
Kabupaten Cirebon. Direktorat Budidaya Tanaman Buah, Deptan RI, Indonesia.
Deptan. 2007. Direktorat Budidaya Tanaman Buah, Deptan RI, Indonesia. Deptan.2006. Direktorat Pengolahan dan Pemasaran Hasil Pertanian Deptan RI,
Indonesia. Deptan.2007. Panduan Sertifikasi Prima. Direktorat Pengolahan dan Pemasaran
Hasil Pertanian Deptan RI, Indonesia. Deptan.2007. Panduan Umum Penggunaan Label Prima. Direktorat Pengolahan
dan Pemasaran Hasil Pertanian Deptan RI, Indonesia. Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Cirebon.2010. Perkembangan Mangga Gedong Gincu
di Kabupaten Cirebon, Cirebon Distanbunnakhut Dinas Pertanian Perkebunan Peternakan Kehutanan Kabupaten
Cirebon.2007. Potensi Investasi Hortikultura Komoditi Mangga
Kabupaten Cirebon, Cirebon. Eriyatno.1999.Ilmu Sistem : Meningkatkan Mutu dan Efektivitas Manajemen.Jilid
Satu.Edisi Ketiga. IPB Press, Bogor. Eryani, Y.1999. Analisis Pemasaran Mangga Gedong Gincu Mangiera indica L
di Kabupaten Cirebon, Propinsi jawa Barat [Skripsi]. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Eskin, N.A.M. 1980. Biochemistry of Food. Second Edition. Academic, California.
Gal, P.Y.L., Lyne, P.W.L., Meyer, E., and Soler, L.G. 2008. Impact of sugarcane supply scheduling on mill sugar production: A South African Study Case.
Agricultural System. 96:64-74. Ghare, P.N. and Schrader, G.F.1963. A model for exponentially decaying
inventories. Journal of Industrial Engineering. 15:238-243. Goyal, S.K. and Giri, B.C. 2001. Recent trends in modeling of deteriorating
inventory.European Journal of Operational Research. 134:1-16. Greenberg, B.S., Goh, H., and Matsuo, H.1993. Two-stage perishable inventory
models. Management Science. 395:633-649. Gurler, U. and Ozkaya, B.Y. 2006. Analysis of the s,S policy for perishable with
random shelf life.IIE Transactions. 40:759-781.
109 Hadiguna, R. A. 2010. Perancangan Sistem Penunjang Keputusan Rantai Pasok
dan Penilaian Risiko Mutu pada Agroindustri Minyak Sawit Kasar [Disertasi]. Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Hariga, M. and Becherouf, L.1994. Optimal and heuristic replenishment models for deteriorating items with eksponential time varying demand. European
Journal of Operational Research. 79:123-137. Hariyadi, P. 2006. Prinsip-prinsip Penetapan dan Pendugaan Masa Kadaluarsa
produk Pangan. Materi Pelatihan Pendugaan dan Pengendalian Masa Kadaluarsa Bahan dan Produk Pangan, Bogor 7
– 8 Agustus. Heng, K.J., Labban, L., and Linn, R.J.1991. An order-level lot size inventory
model for deteriorating items with finite replenishment rate. Computers and Industrial Engineering. 20:187-197.
Holmes, R. and Ledger, S. 1992. Handling systems to reduce mango sapbum. International Mango symposium International Society for Horticultural
Science, abstracts:98 Hug, F., Asnani, S., Jones, V., and Cutright, K. 2005. Modelling the influence of
multiple expiration dates on revenue generation in the supply chain. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistic Management.
353:152-160
Hussey, J. and Hussey, R. 1997. Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students.Chippenham: Macmillan
Business. Indrianti, N, Ming, T., dan Toha, I.S. 2001. Model Perencanaan Kebutuhan Bahan
Dengan Mempertimbangkan Waktu Kadaluarsa Bahan. Media Teknik. 223:60-65
Irving, A.R. 1984. Transport of fresh horticultural produce under modified atmosphere.CSIRO Food Res.Q.4422:25-33
Jacxsens, L. 2010. Simulation modeling and risk Assessment as tools to identify the impact of global climate change on microbiological food safety-the case
study of fresh produce supply chain. Food Research International. 43:1925-1935.
Jonrinaldi. 2004. Model Siklus Persediaan Optimal Gabungan untuk Produk yang Mengalami Deteriorasi dengan Mengijinkan Penundaan dalam Pembayaran
[Tesis]. Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung. Kader, A.A. 1992. Preventing of ripening in fruits by use of controlled
atmosphere. Food Technology.343:51-54.
110 Kader, A. A. 2002. Quality and safety factors: Defnition and evaluation for fresh
horticultural crops. Postharvest technology of horticultural crops : 279-285 Kays, S.J.1991. Postharvest Physiology of Perishable Plant Products.Van
Nostrand Reinhold, New York. Lawrence, A. S., Sivakumar, B., and Arivarignan, G. 2006.Perishable
InventorySystem with Random Supply Quantity and Negative Demands. Advance Modelling and Optimization.8:151-168.
Lebrun, M., Plotto, A., Goodner, K., Ducamp, M. N., and Baldwin, E. 2008. Discriminationof mango fruit maturity by volatiles using electron nose and
gas chromatography.Postharvest Biology and Technology.48:122-131. Liu, L. and Lian, Z. 1999. s, S continuous review models for inventory with
fixed lifetimes. Operation Research.47:1022-1028. Lucio, Z. and Zanoni, S. 2007. Single-vendor single buyer with integrated
transport-inventory system : model and heuristics in the case of perishable goods.Computers and Industrial Engineering.52:107-123.
Ma’arif, M.S. dan Tanjung, H. 2003. Manajemen Operasi. PT. Gramedia, Jakarta. Maflahah, I. 2010. Pengembangan Model perencanaan Produksi Agregat dan
Jadwal Induk Produksi Jus Berbahan Baku Buah Segar [Tesis]. Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Manetsch, T.J. and Park, G.L. 1977. System Analysis and Simulation with Aplication to Economic and Social Systems. Michigan State University,
Michigan. Mananoma, T. dan Soetopo, W. 2008. Pemodelan Sebagai Sarana Dalam
Mencapai Solusi Optimal. Jurnal Teknik Sipil FT UGM.83:184-192 Makridakis, S, Steven, C.W., and Victor, E.M. 1999.Metode Peramalan dan
Aplikasi Peramalan. Ed ke-2. Suminto. Penerjemah Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara. Terjemahann dari: Forecasting : Method and Applications.
Marquez, A.C.2010. Dynamic Modelling for Supply Chain Management. Springer London Dordcrecht Heidelberg, New York.
Mentzer, J. T., Dewitt, W., Keebler, J. S., Min, S., Nix, N. W., Smith, C. D., and Zacharia, Z. G. 2001. Defining supply chain management. Journal of
Business Logistics.22:1-25.
Nahmias, S.1982. Perishable inventory theory : a review. Journal of Operational Research Society of America.30:680-708.
111 Nandakumar, P. and Morton, T.E. 1993. Near myopic heuristic for the fixed life
perishability problem. Management Science.39:1490-1498. Nurmawanti, N.E.2008. Pengaruh Pra Pendiginan dan Suhu penyimpanan
Terhadap Mutu Buah Mangga Cengkir Indamayu. Skripsi. Institut Pertanian Boogor, Bogor.
Panda, S., Saha, S., and Basu, M. 2008. A note on EPQ model for seasonal perishable products with stock dependent demand. Asia-Pacific Journal of
Operation Research.253:301-315. Pantastico, Er.B. 1993. Postharvest Physiology, Handling and Utilization of
Tropical and Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables. The AVI. Westport, Connecticut.
Pantastico, Er.B., Matto, A.K., Murata, T., and Ogata, K.1997.Kerusakan- Kerusakan Karena Pendinginan dalam Fisiologi Pascapanen dan
Penanganan Buah-buahan dan Sayur-sayuran Tropika dan Subtropika. Editor Er. B. Pantastico. Penerjemah kamarariyani. Gajah mada University
Press, Yogyakarta. Perdana, T. 2009. Pemodelan Dinamika Sistem Rancang Bangun Manajemen
Rantai Pasokan Industri Teh Hijau. [disertasi]. Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Sekolah Pasca Sarjana IPB, Bogor.
Pujawan. N. 2005. Supply Chain Management. Guna Widya, Surabaya. Raafat, F. 1991. Survey of literature on continuously deteriorating inventory
models. Journal of Operational Research Society.1:27-37. Rajurkar, S. and Jain, R. 2009.
Optimal order quantity model for retailers of perishable products with non-deterministic demand.
Rangkuti, F. 2000. Manajemen Persediaan Aplikasi di Bidang Bisnis.PT.Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.
Ravichandram, N. 1995. Stochastic analysis of a continuous review perishable inventory system with positive leadtime and poisson demand. European
Journal of Operational Research.84:444-457. Rizkia, H. 2004. Kajian Laju Respirasi Dan Perubahan Mutu Buah Mangga
Gedong Gincu
Selama Penyimpanan
Dan Pematangan
Buatan [Tesis].Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Rukmana, R.2007. Mangga Gedong Gincu : Budi daya, Pengendalian Mutu, dan Pascapanen. Aneka Ilmu, Semarang.
112 Russell, R.S. and Taylor, W. 2006. Operations Management. John Wiley Sons,
Inc. Satuhu, S. 2000. Penanganan Mangga Segar Untuk Ekspor. Penebar Swadaya,
Jakarta. Setyadjit dan Syaifullah.1992. Pengaruh ketebalan plastik untuk penyimpanan
atmosfir termodifikasi mangga arumanis dan indramayu. Jurnal
Hortikultura.21:31-42. Siswanto. 2002.Operations Research.Jilid II. PT. Erlangga, Jakarta.
Sivakumar, D., Jiang Y., and Yahia, E.M. 2010. Maintaining mango Mangifera
indica L. fruit quality during the export chain. A review. Food Research International.03411:1-10.
Smith, S.B. 1989. Computer-Based Production and Inventory Control.New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
SNI.SNI 3164:2009,
Standar Nasional
Indonesia :
Mangga. http:sisni.bsn.go.idindex.php?sni_mainsnidetail_sni9481. Diunduh 2
Februari 2012 Stewart, J. 1999. Calculus, Fourth Edition. International Thmson Publishing Inc.
Stringer, R., Sang, N., and Croppenstedt, A. 2009. Producers, processor and
procurement decision: the case of vegetable sSupply chain in china. World Development.3711:1773-1780.
Syarief , R dan Halid, H. 1991.Teknologi Penyimpanan Pangan. Arcan. Jakarta. Tersine, R.J. 1994. Principles of Inventory and Materials Management. Prentice
hall, Inc., New Jersey. Tharanathan, R. N., Yashoda, H. M., and Prabha, T. N. 2006. Mango Mangifera
indica L.,―The King of Fruits‖ — An overiew. Food Reviews International.22:95-123.
USDA.1968. Penyimpanan Buah-buahan, Sayur-sayuran, dan Bunga-bungaan. Penerjemah Soesarsono, W. Teknologi Industri Pertanian IPB, Bogor.
Yadavalli, V.S.S. and Schoor, C.D.W.van. 2004. A perishable product inventory system operating in random environment. South African Journal of
Industrial Engineering.152:107-131. Yahia,E.M. 1998. Postharvest handling of mangoes.Technical Report.Agricultural
Technology Utilization and Transfer Project, Giza,Egypt.
113 Van der Vorst, J.G.A.J. 2004.Performance levels in food traceability and the
impact on chain design : results of an international bencmark study. In : Bremmers, H.J., Omta, S.W.F., Trienekens, J.H., et al.eds Dynamics in
chains and networks : proceeding of the sixth international conference on chain and network management in agribusiness and the food industry Ede,
27-28 may 2004. Ageningen Academic Press, Wageningen: 175-183.
Verdouw, C.N., Beulens, A.J.M., Trienekens, J.H., and Wolfert, J. 2010. Process modeling in demand-driven supply chain: a references model for the fruit
industry. Computers and Electronic in Agriculture.3:174-187. Waters, C.D. 1992. Inventroy Control and Management. Jhon Wiley and Sons
Inc., New York Wee, H.M. and Shum, Y.S. 1999. Model development for deteriorating inventory
inmaterial requirement planning system. Computer and Operational Research.26:545-558.
Widodo, K.H., Nagasaka, H., Morizawa, K., and Ota, M. 2004. A periodical flowering-harvesting model for delivering agricultural fresh products.
European Journal of Operational Research. Article in Press. Winarno, F.G. 2002. Fisiologi Lepas Panen Produk Hortikultura. M-Brio Pr.,
Bogor. Within, T.M. 1957. Theory of Inventory Management. Princeton University Press,
Princeton.
Lampiran-Lampiran
116
117
Lampiran 1. Rata-rata Tingkat Kerusakan Buah Mangga Gedong Gincu Per Hari di Gudang Eksportir Pada Musim Panen dan Pada Panen di Luar
Musim Off-Seasson Tahun 2010
No Panen
bulan Jumlah
Mangga yg
Masuk kg
Tingkat Kerusakan Mekanis Jumlah
Ekspor
kg Tidak
Bertangkai Luka Memar
Benturan Luka Gesekan
kg kg
kg kg
1. Oktober
awal panen
97.000 4,5
4.365 9,4
9.118 15,2
14.744 29,1
68.773 2.
Nopember puncak
panen 98.000
6,4 6.272
12,2 11.956
32 31.262
50,5 48.510
3. Desember
akhir panen
74.000 2,1
1.554 19,2
14.208 29
21.460 50,3
36.778 Rata-rata
4,3 9,9
25,4 43,3
No Panen
bulan Jumlah
Mangga yg
Masuk kg
Tingkat Kerusakan Mekanis Jumlah
Ekspor
kg Tidak
Bertangkai Luka Memar
Benturan Luka Gesekan
kg kg
kg kg
1. Mei off -
season 6.000
2,1 126
6,2 372
10,5 630
18,8 4.872
2. Juni off -
season 7.000
3,2 224
4,6 322
18,7 1.309
26,5 5.145
3. Juli off -
season 6.550
1,0 66
4,2 275
11 721
16,2 5.489
Rata-rata 2,1
5,0 13,4
20,5
118 Lampiran 2. Proses Pemeriksaan Kesesuain Dimensi Elemen-Elemen Dalam
Model Persediaan Mangga Gedong Gincu Untuk Ekspor
Cpbt : Biaya penyusutan bobot selama periode t Rp Cpmt : Biaya penurunan mutu selama periode t Rp
Cst : Biaya simpan selama periode t Rp
Cp : Biaya pesan per sekali pesan Rpjumlah pesan
Cs : Biaya simpan per unit Rpton
Cpb : Biaya penyusutan bobot per unit Rpton Cpm : Biaya penurunan mutu per unit t Rpton
D : Jumlah permintaan buah selama T ton
h : Fraksi biaya simpan per unit per periode perencanaan
J : Harga jual buah kualitas non ekspor per unit Rpton
P : Harga jual buah ekspor per unit Rpton
J : Harga jual buah yang sudah busukrusak per unit Rpton
R : Harga bahan baku per unit Rpton
B : Harga beli ke petani Rupiah
Q : Jumlah buah yang dipesan ton
Qb : Jumlah buah yang rusak ton
Qi : Jumlah buah yang tersedia ton
t : Kurun waktu periode pesanan bulan
T : Periode perencanaan, bulan
tb : Umur simpan buah mangga bulan
� = 1
2 . .
1 −
− �
Cs + �. + −
2
� 1
− 1
− �
+ − � . .
− − 0.1
�� ℎ = 1
2 � .
. 1 −
− � .
. �
. Rupiah
ton. bulan + �� ℎ .
+ �� ℎ
− �� ℎ
2
� �
1 −
1
− � .
. �
+ �� ℎ
− �� ℎ
. .
− � −0.1 �
�
�� ℎ = 1
2 � .
. 1 −
− � .
. �
. Rupiah
ton. bulan + �� ℎ .
+ �� ℎ
− �� ℎ
2
� �
1 −
1
− � .
. �
+ �� ℎ
− �� ℎ
. .
− � −0.1 �
�
119
�� ℎ = 1
2 � .
. . Rupiah
ton. bulan + �� ℎ .
+ �� ℎ
− �� ℎ
2
� �
1 −
1 +
�� ℎ −
�� ℎ .
�� ℎ = 1
2 � .
Rupiah bulan
+ �� ℎ + �� ℎ − �� ℎ
� �
+ �� ℎ − �� ℎ
�� ℎ = 1
2 Rupiah + �� ℎ + �� ℎ − �� ℎ
+ �� ℎ − �� ℎ
120 Lampiran 3. Daftar Jumlah Pohon Mangga Gedong Gincu Menurut Kecamatan di
Kabupaten Cirebon Tahun 2011
No. Kecamatan
Gedong Gincu pohon
Mangga lainnya
pohon Jumlah
keseluruhan pohon
1. Waled
4.726 9.473
14.199 2.
Pesaleman 724
6.155 6.879
3. Ciledug
1.115 8.512
9.627 4.
Pabuaran 484
7.907 8.391
5. Losari
18.081 16.325
34.406 6.
Pabedilan 248
4.709 4.957
7. Babakan
982 9.212
10.194 8.
Gebang 1.117
4.933 6.050
9. Karangsembung
785 3.919
4.704 10.
Karangwereng 1.215
13.433 14.648
11. Lemahabang
12.427 37.282
49.709 12.
Susukan lebak 1.578
13.304 14.882