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be overcome. In grouping them, we considered the scale of priorities and the feasibility to solve the problems.
2. Planning
After we identified the problems, we made some planning to choose the actions that were feasible to be implemented. We cooperated with the
other research members in planning some actions. We discussed the possibility and the scale of priorities of the implementation in the field. This
research involved the English teacher, the students, the peer-collaborator and I.
a. Designing Lesson Plans
After designing the syllabus, we designed the lesson plans. They contained objectives, tasks, and some other aspects for a set of complete
learning process in a classroom. The lesson plans were designed in order to make the action in every meeting more systematic, accurate, and also
contextual. The lesson plans were designed in line with the implementation of cooperative learning to improve students’ speaking
skills. There were several lesson plans for the complete action research. Moreover, in designing the lesson plans, we also determined the
instruments to collect the data. The instruments mainly consisted of field notes, mobile phones, observation sheets, interview sheets,
questionnaires, journals, classroom documents, and other instruments. The use of instruments depended on the type of the data will be gathered.
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b. Conducting Various Activities
The research would be conducted in several meetings. The activities in every meeting would be based on the lesson plans. In
addition, the activities would be in the form of group work, individual work, information-gap activities, discussions, role plays, and other
activities. The main purpose of the activities was to improve students’ speaking skills through cooperative learning. Thus, they should practise
to speak English and apply cooperative learning to maintain the communication.
c. Using Media
When conducting the action, we would need supporting equipment to make students understand the task and material more contextually and
easily. Therefore, there would be pictures, recordings, cards, and many other media to assist the instructional process. Pictures would be used to
assist the learning process that includes visualization as the input. Recordings would be used to assist the learning process that includes
sound as the input. Other media would be used to help the rundown of the action for some different purposes.
d. Using classroom English
Since the action research was about improving students’ speaking skills in English through cooperative learning, the classroom language
would be English itself. The purpose was to create real English-use environment in the classroom for the students. Thus, the students should
learn and practice to use English as their main language in the class.
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