B. Research Participants
The participants in pre-design survey comprised the sixth grade of elementary school students of SDN Catur Tunggal IV Depok, Yogyakarta. The
writer chose forty six students at random. The other participants in pre-design survey were teachers and English instructors who had experience in teaching
English at elementary school, they were chosen because the English teacher and instructor had already known the students characteristic, needs, interests, and
English proficiency. Thus, the total number of the participants in pre-design survey was 52 people.
The participants in post-design survey consisted of one lecturer of English Education Study Program, four English teachers who had experiences in teaching
English for children, and three English instructors who had experiences in teaching English for children. Thus, the total participants in post-designed survey were 8
people. The following diagram is to describe the participants in post-design survey
who evaluated the designed materials:
Sex Educational Background
Teaching Experiences
In Years Number of
participants M F D3 S1 S2 S3 1-5 5-10
10 English
Teachers - 4 1 1 - - - 4 - English
Lecturers - 1 - - 1 - - 1 - English for Children
Instructors 1 2 - 3 - - - 3 -
Notes F = Female M = Male
Table 3.1: Description of Post-design Survey Participants
C. Research Instruments
The research Instruments were used only to guide the survey study. The instruments were:
1. Questionnaire There are two types of questions Ary, et al 1997: 175, namely structured or
closed form and unstructured or open form. The closed form items were used to make it easy for the participants to fill the questions since the answers to the
question were available. On the other hand, the open form items were used to get more information from the participants because they are permitted to answer
the questions freely. This thesis used both types; the first parts included some questions in which the answer had been written down, so that the participants
just had to choose the options. In the second part, the suggested answers of the questions were not included. These questions asked about participants’
suggestions and recommendations for developing the materials and the improvement of the developed material.
To avoid misunderstanding, the questionnaires for the pre-design survey were written in Indonesian. This was also meant to help the participants to
easily catch the points of the questions and answer all questions. 2. Interviews
In this study the writer interviewed the elementary English teachers in order to obtain more complete information about the students’ problems, needs and
interests and to find the teachers’ opinions and suggestions to develop the materials. Ary, et al 1997: 175 also stated that there are two types of
interviews, namely structured and unstructured interviews. The second type was
preferred in this research, since the answers needed were in the form of information about the participants’ views, opinions, and attitudes. Unstructured
interview is more flexible than structured interview.
D. Research Procedures
Kategori