Frankel 1997: 103 stated that activities such as discussion and summary of a text help students understand and evaluate what they have read. Students can also
process value by relating values that they read in the text with their own ideas and experience.
The third element is questions. In facilitating values learning in reading lesson, questions are needed because they stimulate students to think about values in the
text and consider their own value. Frankel 1997: 86 argues that the essence of any exploration of values lies in the questions a teacher asks. It means questions can not
be separated from the process of promoting the students’ values of life. The fourth element important in values learning is teachers. Activities and
questions need the fourth element in order to be done efficiently and effectively. Teachers are needed to provide class activities and to guide students through
explanation and classroom discussion. This means that teachers serve as ethical mentors Lickona, 1991: 71. According to Suparno 2000: 6 teacher should act as
a facilitator, hence teacher as well as providing class activities; teacher also gives encouragement to students. This means that teachers should encourage students to
express their own ideas and opinions about values they read in the text.
e. Twelve Units of Living Values
Tillman, 2000 LVEP is a values education program. It offers a variety of experiential values activities and practical methodologies to teachers and facilitators
to enable children and young adults to explore and develop twelve key universal values.
According to Living Values Educational Program LVEP Tillman,2000:4 there are twelve units of living values that become the framework for teachers,
educators or parents who encourage creating values-based education for their students and children Tillman, 2000: 4 In this study the writer used the twelve
units of LVEP as the value material that was used in this design. The twelve units and the explanation of LVEP can be seen as follows:
No Units
Value Statement Reflection Points
1 Peace
“In its purest form, peace is inner silence filled with the
power of truth. Peace is the prominent
characteristic of what we call ‘a civilized society and the
character of a society can be seen through the collective
consciousness of its members.” • Peace is being quiet
inside • Peace is having good
feelings inside • Peace is when people
get along and do not argue or hit
• Peace is having positive thoughts for myself and
others • Peace begins within
each one of us. 2
Respect “To know one’s own worth
and to honor the worth of others is the true way to earn
respect Respect is an
acknowledgement of the inherent worth and innate
rights of the individual and the collective. These must be
recognized as the central focus to draw from people a
commitment to a higher purpose in life”.
• The first respect is to respect myself
• Respect is liking who I am
• Respect is knowing I am Unique and valuable
• Respect is listening to others
• Those who give respect will receive respect
3 Love
“Love is the principle which creates and sustains human
relations with dignity and depth. Spiritual love takes one
into silence, and that silence has the power to unite, guide
and free people. Love is the bedrock for the
belief in equality of spirit and personhood.
• Love is caring and sharing
• Love is feeling safe • Love is kindness
• Love is wanting good for others
• Love is being a trustworthy friend
Love is combined with faith that creates a strong foundation
for initiative and action. Love is the catalyst for change,
development, and achievement.”
4 Tolerance “Through understanding
and open-mindedness, tolerant
people attract someone different, and by genuinely
accepting and accommodating that person, demonstrates
tolerance in practical form.” • Tolerance is accepting
my self and others • Tolerance is knowing
we are all different • Tolerance is being
understanding and open minded
• The seed of tolerance is love: its water is
compassion and care • The seeds of intolerance
are fear and ignorance 5
Happiness “Through the power of truth
there is wealth, and through the power of peace there is health.
Together they give happiness. Happiness is earned by those
whose actions; attitude and attributes are pure and
selfless.” • Happiness is knowing I
am loved • Happiness is giving
everyone good wishes • Where there’s hope,
there will be a happiness • Happiness is peaceful
condition. 6
Responsibility “A responsible person fulfills the assigned duty by staying
true to the aim. Duties are carried out with
integrity and a sense of purpose.”
• Responsibility is being fair
• Responsibility is doing my share of the work
• Responsibility means doing our jobs
• Responsibility means accepting what must be
done • Responsibility is taking
care of me and others. 7
Cooperation “One who cooperates receives
cooperation. The method to give cooperation is to use the
energy of the mind to create vibrations of good wishes and
pure feelings for others and for the task.
By remaining detached, • Cooperation is helping
one another • Cooperation is working
together toward the same goal
• Cooperation is working together with patience
and affection
objective and influenced by innermost values and not
external circumstances, subtle cooperation in the form of
wisdom emerges.” • Cooperation is everyone
helping to get something done.
8 Humility
“A person who embodies humility will make the effort to
listen to and accept others. The greater the acceptance of
others, the more that person will be held in high esteem and
the more that person will be listened to one word spoken in
humility has the significance of a thousand words.”
• Humility is accepting everyone
• Humility is self-respect and self-esteem
• Humility is courage and confidence
• A humble person can stay happy inside while
listening to others • Humility is staying easy
and light inside. 9
Honesty “Honesty means there are no
contradictions or discrepancies in thoughts, words, or actions.
To be honest to one’s real self and to the purpose of a task
earns trust and inspires faith in others.
Honesty is never to misuse that which is given in trust.”
• Honesty is trust • Honesty is being true to
yourself and to others • Honesty is telling what
really happened • Honesty is telling the
truth • When I am honest, I can
learn and help others learn to be giving.
10 Simplicity
“Simplicity calls on instinct, intuition, and insight to create
essence thoughts and empathetic feelings.
Simplicity is the conscience which calls upon people to
rethink their values.” • Simplicity is natural and
beautiful • Simplicity is putting
others first • Simplicity is
appreciating the small things in life
• Simplicity makes me feel comfortable
• Simplicity means giving patience, friendship and
spirit. 11
Freedom “A full freedom functions only
when rights are balanced with responsibilities. And choice is
balance with conscience.” The most potent power to put
an end to internal and external wars is the human conscience.”
• Freedom is choice • Freedom is precious gift
• Freedom is living with dignity
• Freedom is when rights are balanced with
responsibilities
• Inner freedom is experienced when I have
positive thoughts for all others, including myself.
12 Unity
“Unity is harmony within and among individuals in the
group. Unity is sustained by
concentration, energy and focusing thought, by accepting
and appreciating the value of the rich array of participants
and the unique contribution each can make, and by
remaining loyal not only to one another but also to the task.”
• Unity is togetherness • Unity is collective
strength and harmony • Unity is personal
commitment • There is strength in
unity • Unity is broken by one
note of disrespect
Table 2.1: Twelve Units of LVEP
5. Designing Materials Theory
