First, knowing the result of this study, the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 4
Yogyakarta can hopefully easily learn reading and writing skills through the designed materials. Second, the result of this study can be beneficial for the
English teachers of SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. The English teachers can hopefully improve their teaching techniques and be flexible especially in teaching
reading and writing using CIRC. The designed materials provided in this research can be the examples for the English teachers. The last, it is hoped that the result of
this study can be used as a reference to support future relevant studies done by other researchers. The other researchers can also implement the designed
materials since in this study the writer doesn’t implement the designed materials. The writer only designs and presents it.
F. Definition of Terms
In this section, some terms used in the research are defined to avoid misinterpretation and misunderstanding. There are Instructional Materials,
Reading, Writing, Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition CIRC, and SMA Negeri 4
Yogyakarta. 1. Instructional Materials
Instructional materials are materials planned or designed by the teacher for the teacher instructions Dick and Reiser, 1989: 3. In this study, instructional
materials mean the materials designed by the writer to be used by the English teacher and the students of SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta in conducting teaching-
learning process that will help the students to improve their reading and writing skill through narrative.
2. Reading According to Urquhart and Weir 1998: 37, reading is a cognitive activity.
It largely takes place in the mind. That statement finds agreement from Burden 1999: 68. He says that reading is a fluent process of readers combining
information from a text and their own background knowledge to build meaning in which the goal is comprehension. The process of course takes place in the mind.
In this study, reading is a process of building knowledge from information in the text and the students’ background knowledge.
3. Writing According to Zimmerman and Rodrigues 1992: 4, writing is a way of
thinking, a way of learning, a way of sharing ideas with others. Through writing, people can share their thinking and ideas with others in the written expressions.
Tiedt 1989: 1 agrees when he said “writing is a method of expressing ideas about any subject content…” In this study, writing is a skill of expressing the
ideas related to the reading text epecially about narrative. The students share their ideas and thinking into a written form. It is supported by Tiedt 1989: 4 who
believes that students learn to write by reading. 4. Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition CIRC
CIRC is a comprehensive program for teaching reading and writing in the upper elementary and middle grades Slavin, 1995: 7. Although the theory states
that CIRC is for the upper elementary and middle grades, the writer considers that English native speakers are included. It is indeed different with the role of English
in Indonesia. In this study, where English has a function as a foreign language, the writer considers that Senior High School students are included as the middle
