respondents. The writer presented the final version of the designed materials. The final version of the designed materials was a set of instructional materials using
CIRC for the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta.
Figure 3.2. Research Procedures
Research and Information Collecting
Preliminary Field Testing Planning
Developing Preliminary Form of Product
Final Product Revision PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the writer would answer the questions stated in the Problem Formulation. This chapter consists of two parts. The first part is the steps
of designing instructional materials for SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. The second part is the presentation of the designed instructional materials for SMA Negeri 4
Yogyakarta.
A. The Steps of Designing Instructional Materials for SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta
In this study, the writer applied the modification of Kemp’s instructional model steps as the realization of Educational Research and Development R D
method. The steps were identifying learners’ characteristics, stating goals, topics, and general purposes, stating learning objectives, listing subject content,
designing the learning materials, evaluating, and revising the designed materials. The writer discusses each step as follows.
1. Identifying Learners’ Characteristics
The writer identified the learners’ characteristics by conducting interviews with two English teachers of SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta and giving questionnaires
for the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. The interviews were done to gather information related to the need analysis of the students. The
questionnaires were given to 70 eleventh grade students in SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. The purpose was to know the students’ needs and interests.
43 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
a. The Results of the Interview
In addition, to gain more data on the students’ needs and interests, the informal interviews were conducted to the two English teachers who teach science
stream and social stream for the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. The writer conducted the interview on January 31
st
, 2008 and February 1
st
, 2008. For conducting the informal interview with two English teachers of SMA
Negeri 4 Yogyakarta, the writer prepared seventeen questions that were listed in
the interview guideline. The interviews were considered successfully done since the two English teachers were willing to answer all the questions prepared. They
were willing to share their experiences in teaching English to the eleventh grade students, especially in teaching reading and writing.
The first interview was conducted on January 31
st
, 2008 with Bu Indarwati as the English teacher for science stream. By conducting that interview, the writer
got some information related to teaching reading and writing and also about learning in groups. The data obtained presented as follows.
1 Learning writing is more difficult than reading, because writing is a productive skill; it is different from reading as a receptive skill. It is difficult for student to
express their ideas in writing. 2 In teaching reading, Bu Indarwati uses some techniques. First, arising the
students’ motivation, for example by making jokes and asking some questions. Then, brainstorming the students related to the topic of reading text to be given.
After that, the students are to read the text in silence. The last is answering some questions and discussing the text together. Sometimes, she asks the
students to read the questions first to gain their concentration or to activate PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
