The adaptation of Kemp’s instructional model is presented in Figure 2.3
Figure 2.3 The Adaptation of Kemp’s Instructional Model
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the detailed information about the methodology used to accomplish the study. It covers Research Method, Research Respondents,
Research Instruments, Data Gathering Technique, Data Analysis Technique, and Research Procedures.
A. Research Method
Through this study, the writer attempted to achieve the two objectives of the study by employing Educational Research and Development R D method.
According to Borg and Gall in their book entitled Education Research 1983, Educational Research and Development R D is a process used to develop and
validate educational products. R D method aimed at developing the research knowledge and incorporating it into a product which combines educational
research and educational practice rather than finding out new knowledge Borg and Gall, 1983: 771.
The steps of the process are referred to the cycle of R D, which consists of ten steps. They are 1 research and information collecting, 2 planning, 3
developing preliminary form of product, 4 preliminary field testing, 5 main product revision, 6 main field testing, 7 operational product revision, 8
operational field testing, 9 final product revision, and 10 dissemination and implementation Borg and Gall, 1983: 775
However, in this study, the writer did not employ the whole steps in R D cycle. The writer only used five steps of ten steps above. This was because of
29 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
the writer’s limited time and capacity to do all the steps of R D cycle. The writer only designed the materials, not implemented it.
In order to answer the questions stated in the Problem Formulation, the adaptation of Kemp’s instructional model was elaborated as the realization of R
D method. The steps conducted in this study were as follows:
1. Research and Information Collecting
Research and information collecting was important for the writer to get sufficient information and knowledge related to the designed materials. It
included review of literature and information gathering about what was needed in the materials that are expected to develop Borg and Gall, 1983: 776-777
In this step, the writer applied Kemp’s instructional design step namely identifying learners’ characteristics. It was important to know about the students’
needs and interests. This step was also the same with what people call as a needs survey. The writer gained the information by using three approaches; review of
literature, interview and questionnaire. First was literature review. Literature review was used to find resources
and references in the form of books and articles that could support the writer’s idea. The writer also concerned about the improvement of Kurikulum Tingkat
Satuan Pendidikan KTSP for Senior High School to get information about the
role and position of reading and writing in teaching English. All references would be important to determine the students’ need and to formulate the objectives of the
course, the topic and the activities in the class. Second, the writer conducted informal interviews with two English
teachers in SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. The informal interviews were done to gather information related to the need analysis of the students.
