The data of Part A were calculated by using central tendency that is mean. According to Brown and Rodgers 2004: 128, mean is “the sum of all the values
in a distribution divided by the number of values”. The mean X was obtained
by counting the sum of the respondents’ answer ∑x divided by the number of
the respondents N. The formula is as follows.
Note: X
= mean the average point x = the sum of respondents’ answer
N = the number of respondents
The writer counted the average and then the data were presented in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3 The Data of the Respondents’ Opinions Blank
No.
Respondents’ Opinions on N
Central Tendency Mean
After the results were calculated and analyzed in term of mean, the results were then interpreted based on the criteria presented in Table 3.4.
N x
X
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Table 3.4 The Assessment of Central Tendency
Range
Meanings
0.0
X
1
The designed materials were very poorly designed
1.01
X
2
The designed materials were poorly designed
2.01
X
3
The designed materials were good and acceptable but need some revisions
3.01
X
4
The designed materials were well-designed and acceptable
In Part B of the second questionnaire, the respondents freely gave their opinions or evaluation on the designed materials. The data gained from Part B
were in the form of comments, criticisms, and suggestions on the designed materials. Then, writer made a list of all the respondents’ opinions. Finally, the
overall data from Part A and B of the second questionnaire were used to revise and improve the designed materials in order to produce the final version one.
F. Research Procedure
It is necessary to have a research procedure before proceeding. The research procedures in this study were research and information collecting,
planning, developing preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing, and final product revision.
1. Research and Information Collecting
This step could be considered as needs survey. The writer asked permission to conduct the study in SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. After obtaining the permission
to do the study, the writer conducted interviews with the English teachers. To know the students’ needs and interests related to the Cooperative Integrated
Reading and Composition CIRC, the writer distributed questionnaires to the students.
2. Planning
The writer analyzed the data from the questionnaires and the interview result. Data from the instruments were used to state the goals, topics and general
purposes of the study. In this step, the writer also formulated the learning objectives and specified the subject content.
3. Developing Preliminary Form of Product
After analyzing the needs, the writer designed the material. The design was a set of instructional materials using CIRC for the eleventh grade students of
SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. In this step, the writer developed the teaching learning
activities, focusing on integrated reading and writing.
4. Preliminary Field Testing
Having finished designing the materials, the writer conducted preliminary field testing. In this step, the writer employed Kemp’s evaluation step. However,
in this study, the writer did not test the designed materials in the field for the students of SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. The writer only did Kemp’s evaluation
which then was called evaluation survey. The evaluation survey was conducted by distributing the designed
materials and the second questionnaire to the two English teachers of SMA Negeri 4
Yogyakarta and to a lecturer of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University to evaluate the designed materials.
5. Final Product Revision
The writer analyzed the results of the questionnaires. The writer revised and improved the designed materials based on the feedbacks from the
