BAB 6 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
6.1. Kesimpulan
Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan dalam penelitian, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut :
1. Penggunaan obat antagonis neurohormonal ACE-iARB, Beta-blocker, dan MRA dalam penatalaksanaan gagal jantung kronis di RSUP H. Adam Malik
masih perlu ditingkatkan. 2. Penggunaan obat simptomatik diuretik sudah cukup baik, tetapi penggunaan
digitalis masih sedikit. 3. Berdasarkan GAI-3, kategori terbanyak adalah moderate.
4. Berdasarkan GAI-5, kategori terbanyak adalah moderate. 5. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara komorbid hipertensi dan penerapan
pedoman tata laksana berdasarkan GAI-3. 6. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara umur dan penerapan pedoman tata
laksana berdasarkan GAI-5. 7. Terdapat hubungan antara etiologi kardiomiopati dan penerapan pedoman tata
laksana berdasarkan GAI-5.
6.2. Saran
Beberapa hal yang dapat sarankan penulis berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, yaitu :
1. Diharapkan untuk penelitian selanjutnya dapat dilakukan dalam skala yang yang lebih luas.
2. Penelitian selanjutnya juga diharapkan dapat dilakukan dengan data primer dan sekaligus dapat dilakukan follow-up.
3. Penelitian selanjutnya juga diharapkan dapat menggunakan desain penelitian analitik, sehingga dapat menilai bagaimana outcome dari penatalaksanaan yang
telah dilakukan.
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4. Perlu juga dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjutterhadap sikap dokter dalam penerapan pedoman tata laksana gagal jantung.
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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Maggioni, A.P., Dahlström, U., Filippatos, G., Chioncel, O., Leiro, M.C., Drozdz, J., Fruhwald, F., Gullestad, L., Logeart, D., Metra, M., Parissis, J., Persson,
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Christiaens, T., Cifkova, R., Backer, G.D., Dominiczak, A., Galderisi, M., Grobbee, D.E., Jaarsma, T., Kirchhof, P., Kjeldsen, S.E., Laurent, S.,
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Mann, D.L., 2012. Management of Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Dalam: R.O. Bonow, D.L. Mann, D.P. Zipes dan P. Libby, eds.
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LAMPIRAN 1 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP
Nama Lengkap : Khalis Hamdani
Nama Panggilan : Khalis
Tempat, Tanggal Lahir : Banda Aceh, 02 Juni 1992 Agama
: Islam Jenis Kelamin
: Pria Nama Orangtua
: Ayah
: Hamdani Oesman Ibu
: Falmuriati Anak Ke-
: 2 dari 4 bersaudara Alamat
: Komplek Bumi Asri No.105 Blok-D, Medan, 20126 Telepon
: 081360985533 Email
: khalis_02yahoo.com Hobby
: Musik, Olahraga Riwayat Pendidikan :
SD Negeri 5 Lhokseumawe 1998 – 2004
SMP Negeri 1 Lhokseumawe 2004 – 2007
SMA Fatih Bilingual School Banda Aceh 2007 – 2010
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara 2011 – Sekarang
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Pengalaman Organisasi : Anggota Divisi Pengembangan Potensi Ilmiah SCORE-PEMA FK USU
Anggota Divisi Project Officer of Office SCORE-PEMA FK USU Anggota Divisi Kreativitas dan Kemahasiswaan Panitia Hari Besar Islam
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara
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LAMPIRAN 2 DATA INDUK PENELITIAN
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LAMPIRAN 3 HASIL OUTPUT
ANALISIS UNIVARIAT 1. Umur
Statistic Std. Error
Umur Mean
55.64 1.195
95 Confidence Interval for Mean
Lower Bound 53.27
Upper Bound 58.01
5 Trimmed Mean 55.97
Median 57.00
Variance 138.421
Std. Deviation 11.765
Minimum 19
Maximum 80
Range 61
Interquartile Range 16
Skewness -.465
.245 Kurtosis
.341 .485
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk Statistic
df Sig.
Statistic df
Sig. Umur
.087 97
.069 .981
97 .170
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Kelompok Umur
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid
19-28 2
2.1 2.1
2.1 29-38
5 5.2
5.2 7.2
39-48 19
19.6 19.6
26.8 49-58
25 25.8
25.8 52.6
59-68 33
34.0 34.0
86.6 69-78
11 11.3
11.3 97.9
79+ 2
2.1 2.1
100.0 Total
97 100.0
100.0
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2. Jenis Kelamin
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid
Laki-laki 78
80.4 80.4
80.4 Perempuan
19 19.6
19.6 100.0
Total 97
100.0 100.0
3. Denyut Jantung
Statistic Std. Error
Denyut Jantung
Mean 86.28
2.012 95 Confidence Interval for
Mean Lower Bound
82.29 Upper Bound
90.27 5 Trimmed Mean
84.44 Median
84.00 Variance
392.557 Std. Deviation
19.813 Minimum
59 Maximum
162 Range
103 Interquartile Range
26 Skewness
1.402 .245
Kurtosis 2.996
.485
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk Statistic
Df Sig.
Statistic df
Sig. Denyut
Jantung .121
97 .001
.894 97
.000 a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
4. Tekanan Darah Sistolik
Statistic Std. Error
Sistol Mean
124.42 2.376
95 Confidence Interval for Mean
Lower Bound 119.71
Upper Bound 129.14
5 Trimmed Mean 122.94
Median 120.00
Variance 547.434
Std. Deviation 23.397
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Minimum 90
Maximum 220
Range 130
Interquartile Range 25
Skewness 1.182
.245 Kurtosis
2.133 .485
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk Statistic
Df Sig.
Statistic df
Sig. Sistol
.142 97
.000 .920
97 .000
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Kategori Tekanan Sistolik
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid
Grade 1 12
12.4 12.4
12.4 Grade 2
6 6.2
6.2 18.6
Grade 3 2
2.1 2.1
20.6 Hi Normal
15 15.5
15.5 36.1
Normal 23
23.7 23.7
59.8 Optimal
39 40.2
40.2 100.0
Total 97
100.0 100.0
5. Tekanan Darah Diastolik
Statistic Std. Error
Diastol Mean
80.22 1.682
95 Confidence Interval for Mean
Lower Bound 76.88
Upper Bound 83.56
5 Trimmed Mean 79.26
Median 80.00
Variance 274.463
Std. Deviation 16.567
Minimum 50
Maximum 147
Range 97
Interquartile Range 21
Skewness 1.128
.245
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Kurtosis 2.657
.485
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk Statistic
Df Sig.
Statistic df
Sig. Diastol
.155 97
.000 .929
97 .000
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Kategori Tekanan Diastolik
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid
Grade 1 12
12.4 12.4
12.4 Grade 2
10 10.3
10.3 22.7
Grade 3 4
4.1 4.1
26.8 Hi Normal
2 2.1
2.1 28.9
Normal 27
27.8 27.8
56.7 Optimal
42 43.3
43.3 100.0
Total 97
100.0 100.0
6. Etiologi
Responses Percent of
Cases N
Percent Etiologi
a
CAD 65
48.1 67.0
HHD 46
34.1 47.4
Kelainan katup 15
11.1 15.5
Kardiomiopati 7
5.2 7.2
CHD 2
1.5 2.1
Total 135
100.0 139.2
7. Komorbid
Responses Percent of
Cases N
Percent komorbid
Atrial Fibrilasi 19
15.6 19.6
Hipertensi 20
16.4 20.6
Supraventrikular takikardia 1
0.8 1.0
Riwayat Stroke 3
2.5 3.1
Efusi Perikard 3
2.5 3.1
LV Trombus 2
1.6 2.1
PPOK 5
4.1 5.2
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ISPA 9
7.4 9.3
DM type 2 10
8.2 10.3
Urolithiasis 2
1.6 2.1
BPH 1
0.8 1.0
Hipertiroid 1
0.8 1.0
AKICKD 5
4.1 5.2
Congestive Hepatopathy 1
0.8 1.0
Spondilolistesis Lumbalis 1
0.8 1.0
Dispepsia 1
0.8 1.0
Tidak 38
31.1 39.2
Total 122
100.0 125.8
8. Gejala dan Tanda
Responses Percent of
Cases N
Percent Gejala Tanda DOE
87 40.5
89.7 PND
31 14.4
32.0 OP
20 9.3
20.6 Edema Pretibial
18 8.4
18.6 TVJ
11 5.1
11.3 Ronki Basah
20 9.3
20.6 Palpitasi
6 2.8
6.2 Tidak
3 1.4
3.1 Total
215 100.0
221.6
9. Gambaran Ekokardiografi
Statistic Std. Error
Fraksi Ejeksi Mean
32.7677 .62134
95 Confidence Interval for Mean
Lower Bound 31.5344
Upper Bound 34.0011
5 Trimmed Mean 33.1293
Median 34.0000
Variance 37.448
Std. Deviation 6.11948
Minimum 14.80
Maximum 40.00
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Range 25.20
Interquartile Range 8.96
Skewness -.751
.245 Kurtosis
-.314 .485
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk Statistic
Df Sig.
Statistic df
Sig. Fraksi Ejeksi
.134 97
.000 .916
97 .000
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
10. Tata Laksana 10.1 Gagal Jantung
ACE-i
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid
Captopril 57
58.8 58.8
58.8 Ramipril
6 6.2
6.2 64.9
Lisinopril 2
2.1 2.1
67.0 Tidak
32 33.0
33.0 100.0
Total 97
100.0 100.0
ARB
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid
Candesartan 8
8.2 8.2
8.2 Valsartan
3 3.1
3.1 11.3
Tidak 86
88.7 88.7
100.0 Total
97 100.0
100.0
Beta-blocker
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid
Bisoprolol 60
61.9 61.9
61.9 Tidak
37 38.1
38.1 100.0
Total 97
100.0 100.0
MRA
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid
Spironolakton 60
61.9 61.9
61.9
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tidak 37
38.1 38.1
100.0 Total
97 100.0
100.0
Diuretik
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid
Furosemid 87
89.7 89.7
89.7 Tidak
10 10.3
10.3 100.0
Total 97
100.0 100.0
Digitalis
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid
Digoxin 26
26.8 26.8
26.8 Tidak
71 73.2
73.2 100.0
Total 97
100.0 100.0
Kategori GAI-3
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid
Low 25
25.8 25.8
25.8 Moderate
44 45.4
45.4 71.1
High 28
28.9 28.9
100.0 Total
97 100.0
100.0
Kategori GAI-5
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid
Low 3
3.1 3.1
3.1 Moderate
58 59.8
59.8 62.9
High 36
37.1 37.1
100.0 Total
97 100.0
100.0 GAI-3
GAI-5 N
Valid 97
97 Missing
Mean .6742
.6392 Median
.6700 .6000
Mode .67
.60 Minimum
.00 .20
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Maximum 1.00
1.00 Sum
65.40 62.00
Percentiles 25
.3300 .6000
50 .6700
.6000 75
1.0000 .8000
10.2 Non-Gagal Jantung