Pronunciation Produce the sounds of the target Speech function Perform a precise communicative

26 for second-language learners so that it can improve their motivation and promote learner autonomy; f Language learning strategies, it can have positive effects on language learning overtime, and even young children can become aware of and taught to use language learning strategies Harris Duibhir, 2011: p. 17-19. b. Active Learning Instructional Strategies Active learning is instructional strategies include a wide range of activities that shares the common element of „involving students in doing things and thinking about the things they are doing Bonwell Eison 1991. Active learning instructional strategies can be created and used to engage the students in; a thinking critically and creatively, b speaking with a partner, in a small group, or with the entire class, c expressing ideas through writing, d exploring personal attitudes and values, e giving and receiving feedback, and f reflecting upon the learning process. Active learning strategies can be completed by students either in class or out of class, it can be done by students working either as individuals or in group, and it also can be done either with or without the use of technology tools Eison, 2010. Related to this theory, AFORN as an alternative learning media support the active learning strategy. By using AFORN which is installed in mobile phones, the students can have an active learning process through the activities and exercises in it. When the students practice each activities and exercises, then they will get the feedbacks for each. So, the students are presented their mistakes and what the correct answer is. 27

5. The Nature of Course in AFORN

AFORN Active English for Nursing is an Android application which is developed by the researcher as the alternative learning tool for nursing students in Health Polytechnic Poltekkes. The researcher developed the application by considering the English lesson syllabus in Nursing department, speaking theories, and principles of m-learning. By considering to those three basic concepts, the researcher develops materials in the application AFORN so that it will help the students to enhance their knowledge in speaking competence. The following table reveals the concept in developing the application. Table 2.5 Material Concept of AFORN Learning Objectives Core in Speaking Skills AFORN Features Goal - Comprehending English conversation - Writing nursing services report in English - Listening to report and nursing issues - Doing brief Pronunciat ion - Provide pronunciation exercises using text to speech and speech recognizer Students can practice their pronunciation correctly so that they can produce sound in target language well Speech function - Provide a feature which focus on useful expression Students know the appropriate expression so that they can perform a precise communicative function or speech act