The AFORN THEORETICAL REVIEW

54 tool for the students. The m-learning was developed to provide resources than can be analyzed anywhere and anytime. The m-learning is also expected to be modern and interesting way to get and share knowledge in easy way. The use m-learning was aimed to assist university students or professionals to be able to access materials or information anytime and anywhere. One of the result of this research showed that most of the students were satisfied of the implementation of m- learning because of its flexibility, simplicity and attractiveness. The researcher needs to consider the findings of the three researches above that it is important to think about the versions of Android platform which are able to run the application made by the researcher since there are many versions of Android from lower version to the higher version. Same in Pocatilu 2010, the researcher uses ADDIE as the instructional design that there are some steps in development of Android application, those are project management, analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The m-learning that is developed by the researcher has the same goals with Martono and Nurhayati 2014 that the researcher wants to create an m-learning application because it is flexible to use at anytime and anywhere. So, knowledge or materials for students or professionals are accessable. Some other research which has the same topic with this research is conducted by other students of English Language Studies of Sanata Dharma University, sponsored by SEAMOLEC Southeast Asian Minister of Education Regional Open Learning Center. Martanti 2015 build an application for Senior High School. The application is designed for listening comprehension. The application named FLAP Fun Listening Android Application consists of 55 materials to enhance listening comprehension for students. In this case, the researcher wants to reveal that there is similar topic with this research but the objectives and the research setting and participants are totally different from this research.

C. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This section synthesizes the theories discussed in the previous part and describes their relationship in supporting this research. This research used ADDIE instructional design model. Here are the steps in developing the materials. The first step is adopted from ADDIE initial that is doing need analysis. In this step, the researcher collects some information about the teacher and students problem by doing need assessment, problem identification, and task analysis. The output of this step is the teacher and learner profile, description of the constraints, problem statement and task analysis. The second step is the design stage. In this stage, the researcher determines the objectives, develops the test items for android application model, plans the instruction and identifies the resources. In the third step, the researcher develops the android application model, works with procedure, implement the concept into a model of android application. The results are the storyboard, script, exercises, and computer assisted instruction. The contents of the product are mainly in helping the students to improve their productive skill speaking skill. In the contents there are five units. In each unit consists of some materials and exercises such as vocabulary, language expression, dialog listening comprehension, tasks and also pronounciation practice. 56 The fourth step implementation by installing the project in the real world context. In this stage, the model of m-android application is applied to the language learners. Then, it will be commented by the subject of the research students. The questionnaires are distributed and some participants will be interviewed to obtain the feedback or response toward the model of m-android application. Evaluation is in the last step of ADDIE model. In this step there will be a record data, interpret the result, survey graduates and revise activities toward the model. The results will be recommendation, project report, and revised prototype.