CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of two main parts named review of related theories and theoretical framework. Review of related theories deal with the theories
applied in conducting the study. Theoretical framework intends to explain the contribution of the theories and reviews in solving the problems. The theoretical
framework is needed to synthesize in order to make the applicable answer for the problems.
2.1 Review of the Related Theories
I must consider the theory of literature to deal with the novel’s analysis process. Therefore, it will be beneficial to include theories that can be used as a
means to answer the problems. These theories are the theory of character and characterization and the theory of critical approaches.
2.1.1 Theory of Character and Characterization
It is necessary for the novelist to present characters to be convincing and acceptable to the readers. Characterization is the way author reveals and
develops the characters presented in the novel to the readers. Therefore, the theory of characterization in this study helps the readers to understand the
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process in which those characters are developed. The characters presented in Mitch Albom’s For One More Day
become alive and understandable for the readers through their actions, reactions to situations or to other characters, physical appearance, speech and
gestures and expressions. Murphy in his book Understanding Unseen: The Introduction to English Poetry and the English Novel for Overseas Students
stated that there are nine ways which enable an author to present the character in the story understandably and lively for the readers. The ways are
personal description, character as seen by another, speech, past life, conversation of others, reaction, direct comment, thought, and mannerism
Murphy 161-173. The first is the personal description. Characters’ impression of personality
is affected by their appearances. The author can depict characters through their clothes and appearances. For example, the way characters wear clothes are able to
show their personality. Therefore, readers can recognize their characters from their images of appearances.
The second is through character as seen by another. The author tells readers by describing them through other characters’ opinions or comments. Other
characters’ opinions and comments can be very helpful for the readers to understand a character better and deeper. Thus, the readers can determine a
character’s characterization easily. The third is through the speech. The readers can obtain the perception of
characters in a novel through the characters’ speech and conversation to other
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