Definition of Modulation A Modulation Translation in DIARY of a Wimpy Kid Dog Days Novel by Jeff Kinney

question about how to deliver the contain, the meaning, and the message into target language. For example: ‘Sandi menendang bola’ translated ‘The ball is kicked by Sandi’, in this case the translator face of a change point of view from active menendang into passive is kicked. The point of view is changed, but similar message in the text. Hoed explains that modulation is giving equivalence by a translator semantically different in the meaning point of view, but the related context gives similar intention. As an example: SL : The laws of Germany govern this Agreement TL : Perjanjian ini diatur oleh hukum Jerman 21 In the example above, the passive meaning is translated the active meaning or the passive point of view is translated into passive. Gerard Hardin explains that ‘a change in point of view that allows us to express the same phenomenon in a different way.’ 22 It means that a translator can translate a source language text by adjusting a different culture or a language style itself. Hence, in delivering a target language, it will be easily understandable for its readers. Another example is as below: SL : Anthropologist have reacted to the diversity of cultural arrangements in two ways: TL :Terhadap keragaman pengaturan buadaya reaksi antropolog dapat dibedakan menjadi dua corak 21 Benny Hoedoro Hoed, Penerjemahan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta: PT DuniaPustaka Jaya, 2006 p. 74 22 Gérard Hardin Cynthia Picot, 1990 Translate: Initiation à la pratique de la traduction , Bordas, Paris: Aubin Imprimeur, p. 21 Modulation occured in the translated text above into ‘dapat dibedakan menjadi’ in SL is hidden. The feature of SL Modulation which becomes hidden in TL classified into free modulation. 23 Hoed classifies a meaning transfer or modulation into two groups: 1 An angle transfer 2 A meaning transfer. 24 An angle transfer occurs if the elements of source language get their harmonization in a source language with different angle, like the example below: SL : By the will of God. TL : Diluar kemampuan manusia. By the example above, there is a difference of angle between source language and target language in a translating text. We may translate the sentence above to be ‘atas kehendak tuhan’ however it is translated according to the translator point of view. The context here can break the problem between two languages to figure out the right equivalent. Besides, Suryawinata and Hariyanto state that modulation is a strategy to translate a word, a phrase, or a sentence. It is impossible to do if the literal words translation cannot produce a flexible translation. As the example: SL : Tiada banding Tl : There was no comparison 25 As the example above, a translator sees a sentence meaning entirely and it is different with the writer. The sentence in SL focuses on the object of being talked 23 Rochayah Machali, pedoman bagi Penerjemah, jakarta: PT grasindo,2000, p. 70 24 Benny Hoedoro Hoed, Penerjemahan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta: PT DuniaPustaka Jaya, 2006 p.24 25 ZuchridinSuryawinata and SugengHariyanto, Translation: Bahasan Teoridan Penuntun Praktis Menerjemahkan , Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2003, p.75 to or commanded, however the translation focuses on the reality which being talked that no comparison. The verb phrase here is changed into noun.

E. Kinds of Modulation

According to Vinay and Darbelnet’s cited in Newmark theory, there are eleven kinds of Modulation procedures 26 : a Abstract for Concrete Abstract for concrete is changing a point of view from abstract in source language SL and changed into concrete in target language TL. 27 For example: ‘sleep in the open’ translated to ‘tidur diluar rumah’ in the example before, the literary meaning of word ‘open’ is ‘terbuka’. However, the translator translated it to be ‘diluar rumah’, so the meaning becomes more concrete. Another example is ‘No vacancies’ translated to ‘Kamar penuh’. 28 In that example, if we look up a dictionary, the meaning of the word ‘vacancy’ is ‘peluang’, hence the word ‘No vacancies’ means ‘tidak ada peluang’. It is what we call an abstract to be a concrete. b Cause for Effect Cause for effect modulation exists in a sentence that shows a relationship between cause and effect. For example: SL: ‘We all suffer from the consequences of environmental degradation’ translated to TL: 26 Peter Newmark, A Textbook of Translation, London: Prentice Hall, 1988. P.88 27 ibid. p. 89 28 Benny Hoedoro Hoed, Jurnal Lintas Bahasa No.26XII82004. p.48 ‘Kita semua menderita karena adanya penurunan mutu lingkungan’ in the sentence before, the word ‘karena’ shows the meaning of cause while the word ‘adanya’ shows the meaning of effect. c One part for Another One part for another modulation is a changing point of view from one part in SL and changed into for another in TL. For example: SL; ‘from coast to coast’ translated to TL; ‘dari tepi kembali lagi ketepi’. The word ‘to’ change one part of the sentence into another in TL. So it can be translated to be like an edge by changing the point of view. d Reversal of Terms Reversal of terms is also a distinct procedure, usually for making language sound natural. In the other words, reversal of terms is changing of terms in between SL into TL express the term in formal way, the TL can be changed into both formal and informal ways and when the word in SL translated literal and in TL can be changed into match with a sentence and can show the correct meaning. For example: Buy – Sell: jual –beli Lend– Borrow: meminjamkan – meminjam. another example:‘health insurance’ translated to ‘Asuransi kesehatan’ e Active for passive Active or passive is changing a point of view when SL in active form and TL are changed into passive form. For example: ‘the problem is hard to solve’ translated to ‘masalah itu sukar untuk dipecahkan’ in