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referred to collectively as the Ambonese, were employed as policing agents. In this capacity the Ambonese have been understood as subject forces and less as actors, obscuring a
fuller history of the Ambonese as colonial police. The ways in which they served in the years 1873-1945 helped lay foundations for the Indonesian nation-state. The Dutch were
trying to form and keep together the colonial state; with the help of the Ambonese they served to cohere Indonesia.
The introduction of armed police units, fortified in ever greater numbers by the Ambonese personnel from Ambon, greater Maluku, Manado, and Timor, allowed the start
of the pacification of the archipelago, particularly in the Outer Islands where the Dutch had so far exercised no more than nominal control. Ambonese would serve prominently
in the Marechausse and later in the much more robust gewapende politie, critically in their own home areas.
X.2.1 Mr. Marin Rudolph Thiry, M.A428 Tempat dan tgl. lahir
: Florida, 24 – 02 – 1978 Warga Negara
: Amerika Serikat Jabatan
: Ph.D. Student Insitusi
: University of Hawaii, Dept of History E-mail
: thiryhawaii.edu Alamat
: 1711 East-West d. Honolulu, HI 96848
X.3 “Spliing the Diference: The Origins of Naion and Region on the Periphery of Empire in the Philippines and Indonesia”
Tujuan Peneliian : Memahami sejarah transformasi sosial poliik di masa kolonial
Hindia Belanda Bidang Peneliian
: Sejarah Lama Peneliian
: 9 sembilan bulan, mulai Januari 2010 Daerah Peneliian
: DKI Jakarta ANRI dan Perpustakaan Nasional Mitra Kerja
: Dr. Jajat Burhanudin Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyarakat, UIN Syarief Hidayatullah Jakarta
Abstrak
From the mid-nineteenth through mid-twentieth century, Euro-American powers systematically enfolded the old sultanates of the maritime Southeast Asian world into
their regimes of colonial control. This process of conquest and subordination, in effect, shattered extant socio-cultural universes, destroying the verities of lineage that had
knitted together sultan, kin-based aristocrats, merchant and peasant into theologically- sanctioned polities from Sumatra to Mindanao. The subsequent vacuum left space for
new, contradictory concepts of belonging to emerge. In particular, modern concepts of
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ethnicity based on a homogeneous, regionally specific sense of community, where every member was equally “Moro”, “Bugis”, or “Minangkabau”, jostled with reformist visions of
Islam that stressed the universality of Muslim belief across land or territory. These two overlapping, often conflicting bonds of identity played a key role in reconstituting the
communities of the pre-colonial world into nations recognizable today.
Thus, over the course of a seventy year period stretching from 1870 to 1941, my research will examine how the tension between ethnic particularity and religious
universality contributed to a sense of national belonging in regions usually understood as distant from the center of anti-colonial nationalism: the so-called “Outer Islands” of
the Dutch East Indies, including Sulawesi, Sumatra, and Borneo; and Mindanao in the Philippines. Specifically, my project will demonstrate that this productive tension played
a key role in tying regional identities into larger nationalist projects. On the one hand, colonial efforts to divide-and-rule their territories into localized adapt communities in the
East Indies and “Moro” groups in the Southern Philippines, succeeded in making ethnicity a locus of identity-formation in the aftermath of colonial conquest. On the other hand, a
revitalized sense of Islamic belief helped to bring these parochial identities into a larger community of orang jawa, and eventually, would make nascent concepts like “Indonesia”
or “Philippines” intelligible not only to secular elites, but also to average Muslims. Moreover, I will argue this was the case, paradoxically, even when the larger national project in
question, like the Philippines, was dominated by non-Muslims. In sum, my research will explore how colonial policies of oppression helped bring region into the nation across
island Southern Asia.
X.3.1 Mr. Joshua Samuel Gedacht, MA.429 Tempat dan tgl. lahir
