unstilted, lubricants, accuracy structural and lexical, relevance, intelligibility, pronunciation, variety of structures and variety of lexis.
It is interesting to note that fluency is considered here as one element of oral fluency assessment, which in this case one could call oral proficiency. When
speaking fluently students should be able to get the messeage across with what ever resources and abilites they have got, regardless of gramatical and other
mistakes. As one of important aspects in speaking, fluency become standart of assesment in speaking test.
e. Comprehension
The last speaking elements is comprehension. Comprehension is discussed by both speakers because comprehension can make people getting the information
they want. Comprehension is defined as the ability to understand something by reasonable comprehension of the subjet or as the knowledge of what a situation is
really like. And according some theories said that there are 7 elements in
communication in the society those are : Speaker as the people who speak, message as the meaning which want to explain, Channel as the mean by which a
message is communicated, Listener as the person who receives the speaker message, Feedback as the message from listener to the speaker, Interference is
anything that impedes communication of message and there is two type :interneal and external, and Situation is time and place where the communication occurs.
3. Problem of Speaking
As one of skills in a language, speaking has problem which is faced by the learner. Learning foreign language is not easy for some students, because the
position as foreign language which is not always used in daily activity. According to Munjanayah first problem is inhibition, speaking requires some degree of real-
time exposure to an audience. Some learners in classroom are worried to say something because they are shy or they dont know how to say it correctly. Beside
that, they worried to say because they dont have much vocabulary enough in their
brain for expressing their idea. The second problem is there is gap between active and pasive students in the class, it is back to the personal of students because there
are some students are talkless and others are talkactive. The last is mother tongue some students have problem in mother tongue, of course it happened because the
language which is learnt is foreign language and they are unfamiliar to use it in communication.
All problems above are general problem which is faced in learning in speaking. The writer also met problem in speaking learning in SMPN 3 Tangsel,
the observation was taken when the writer taught in PPKT 2013.
B. Jigsaw Technique
1. Definition of Jigsaw
Jigsaw technique is one of Cooperative learning method. It is based on group dynamics and social interactions. This technique was designed by Aronson
and it used by Slavin in 1978. Slavin says “jigsaw was one of the earliest of
cooperative learning method. In jigsaw, each student in a five –to six- member
group is given unique the whole information on a topic that group is studying”.
17
Jigsaw technique can be meant as a system of teaching which gives the opportunity to the students to work in a group structuraly. This technique allows
the student able to learn and active to part icipate in learning process.” Jigsaw
technique is a cooperative learning method that requires everyone’s cooperative effort to produce the final product. Just as in a jigsaw puzzle, each piece and each
student ’s part are essential for the production and full understanding of the final
product. This technique mix the activity of reading, writing, litening and speaking. in this technique the teacher see the background of the experience on students and
help the students to be active in studying. The
purpose of
technique is
appropriated with the concept of cooperative learning method which is develop the amount of students’ participation in the classroom and reduces the need for
competitiveness and the teacher’s dominance in the classroom. Jigsaw technique
17
E Slavin, Learning to Cooperate, Cooperating to Learn, New York: Plenum Press, 1987 p. 17.
