15 and it should be read by the translator and other parties. Reading the final draft is
needed to make sure that the final draft is ready.
c. Meaning-based Translation
Larson 1984 states two main kinds of translation, namely form-based translation and meaning-based translation. The theory deals with the quality of the
translation itself. Meanwhile, the goal of translation is to make the translation which sounds alike as the TL as much as possible.
The first theory is form-based translation or usually known as literal translation. This kind of translation deals with translating word-per-word. The
goal of this literal translation is keeping the same grammatical form of the SL and it is useful for studying the SL words. By translating word-per-word, the intended
meaning of the text is unknown; that is why this kind of translation is considered as a poor translation.
Instead of translating word-per-word, the goal of translation is to translate ideas. Meaning-based translation or usually known as idiomatic translation states
that in translation, the meaning should be suitable for the target language users. This kind of translation does not sound like translation because the translation is
expressed as naturally as possible. Moreover, some adjustments are made to make the target language users familiar with the words or terms used. Example 2.1
shows an example of literal and idiomatic translation. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
16
Example 2.1
SL : Saya tidak meninggalkannya.
Literal Translation : I not leave her.
Idiomatic translation : I do not leave her.
In example 2.1, the literal translation translates words as exactly as the SL. It makes a little sense and it is grammatically wrong. Meanwhile, in the idiomatic
translation, adjustment is made and it is grammatically right and acceptable.
d. Translation Testing
According to Larson 1984, pp. 488-503 in testing the translation, the translator needs to work together with the consultants and the reviewers to make
the translation accurate, clear and natural. The test with other parties is needed to avoid translation bias. Another reason is that when making the translation, the
translator might leave accuracy, clarity and naturalness of the text. The test should be done to make the translation product be understood by the TL users. In this
testing, according to Larson 1984 there are some steps to be conducted, which are:
1. Comparison with the source language
In this step, the translator needs to compare the SL and TL by doing it over and over again. According to Larson 1984, p. 490, “the translator will make
another comparison of source language and receptor language texts, looking for any problems or potential problems”. In making this comparison, the information
should not be omitted, added, and different. The comparison can be done by the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
17 translator himself or by the people who know both SL and TL. If the translator
compares the text himself, he needs to be as objective as possible.
2. Back-translation
Back-translation is done by translating the TL into SL. According to Larson 1984, “a back translation makes it possible for the translator and a
consultant to make a careful comparison with the source text, looking for differences in meaning, and for inadequate application of translation principles. It
should be done by another person. This person should master the SL and TL well. He or she should read the TL text and try to write the SL without reading the SL
text first. The purpose of the back-translation is to check if the translation communicates the meaning well to the TL users. This back-translation is very
different from the translating process; the translating process concerns with naturalness of the text, meanwhile the back-translation deals with meaning
equivalence.
3. Comprehension tests
This comprehension test is done by the person who is fluent in TL to retell the information from the TL text. Then, some questions related to the text are
formulated to check the understanding of the respondent. The questions related to the text can cover “… the discourse style, or about the theme of the text, or they
may be questions which have to do with details” Larson, 1984, p. 490.
4. Naturalness tests
The naturalness test should be done by the reviewer who is capable in SL and TL. The reviewer gives the suggestions and comment regarding to the text. In
