27 the most used theories are the meaning-based translation theory proposed by
Larson 1984 and a translation criteria proposed by Machali 2000. Those theories are combined into a scoring rubric to judge the translation. It contains
clarity, naturalness, and accuracy category and the total score of it will determine the translation criteria.
E. Data Analysis Technique
In analyzing the data, the research used a theory proposed by Larson which has four steps. This step was the important part of this research. By taking
this step, the acceptability of the plaques would be known. First, the researcher retyped the texts from the plaques. Second, the findings were analyzed and
classified using the meaning-based translation theory proposed by Larson. The theory is about the translation testing which consist of comparing the source text,
back-translating into the source language, comprehension checks, naturalness and readability testing, and consistency checks. According to Larson 1984, a good
translation is a translation which is clear, natural, and accurate, and based on the theory the researcher only used three steps; clarity checking, naturalness checking
and accuracy checking. To check the acceptability, an acceptability rubric was made by the researcher based on some theories and helped by the expert in
translation. In this rubric, the researcher suggested three criteria based on Larson 1984, p. 17, namely clarity, naturalness, and accuracy. Besides, there are four
scores for each criteria, namely idiomatic, near idiomatic, modified literal, and very literal.
28 The first step in analyzing the data was checking the data using the scoring
rubric. The first checking is clarity checking, the researcher pointed out the intended meaning of the text. Clear translation is a translation which can
communicate to the readers Larson, 1984. To fulfill the acceptability criteria, the text should be able to deliver the meaning to the readers. Moreover, the sentences
should flow smoothly and should not have ambiguities. In this checking, TL text was analyzed and marked. Sentences which were hardly understood should be
marked as unclear sentences. After the clarity was known, then the process went to naturalness checking.
Then, in the naturalness checking. The researcher pointed out about the ideas of the text. As the criteria of meaning-based translation, the natural
translation should not translate words but it should translate ideas Larson, 1984. To be acceptable, the ideas should be translated in the natural form of the TL.
The last checking is accuracy checking. In this checking, the comparison of the SL text and TL text are checked and marked. Any addition, deletion, and
difference should be highlighted. Then, these addition, deletion, and difference were analyzed further. Besides, in the accuracy, sentence structure should be
correct. Then after all categories are checked, each score will be added to know the total score. The researcher categorized the data into five criteria which were
excellent, very good, good, sufficient, and poor. The excellent translation is the translation which total score is 3 or 4. Meanwhile, the very good translation is the
translation which total score is 5 or 6, and so on. Then in the last step, the data were concluded and the results were attempted to answer the research problems.
29
F. Research Procedure
In the research, the researcher used some procedures, the first is collecting the data. The data were obtained by taking some pictures using cameras and some
blurred words were retyped in cell phone. After the data were obtained, the data were retyped and put into tables. Both Indonesian and English versions of the data
were included into the table. After the data were collected, related theories were connected to analyze
the data. After understanding the theories, the researcher found the good criteria of the translation product. An acceptability rubric was made to evaluate the
translation. Then, the data were categorized into several categories to check the acceptability of the translation. There were 5 categories for the translation, namely
excellent, very good, good, sufficient, and poor. Then the third is triangulation. Triangulation is needed to avoid translation
bias. According to Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun 2015, “it involves checking what one hears and sees by comparing one’s sources of information” p. 515. The
triangulation was done by the expert in the translation field who masters both SL and TL. The expert is a lecturer of English Education Study Program in Sanata
Dharma University and she understands both SL and TL. Larson 1984, proposed that the translation tester should understand the translation principles and
understand the TL well. Since she wrote about translation in her master degree, she knows about the translation principles.
At first, the researcher provides a questionnaire to be answered by three experts of translation, but an expert tells the researcher that the use of
