Concluding Remarks ebooksclub.org Tobacco or Health Physiological and Social Damages Caused by Tobacco Smoking Second Edition
•
TheGermangovernmentanditspoliticianshaveadoptedthisambivalentattitudefrom thepastandhavedeniedprotectionfromthedangersofsmokingtothemajorityofits
electorate,thenon-smokers.Theyhavealsofailedtoprotectthemajorityofsmokers fromtheincreasinglyapparentdangersofsmoking.
•
Inmostcountriesintheworld,cigarettesmokingisthenumber1killer.Worldwide, more people die from the consequences of cigarette smoking than from any other
disease.Despitetheseproblems,thetobaccoindustryhasbeenabletoincreaseits annualturnoverbywooingnewsmokersofbothsexesFig.
1.8 .Underthesecircum-
stances,itisexpectedthatintheyear2025morethan2millionpeopleintheEuropean Unionalonewilldiefromtheconsequencesofcigarettesmokingifthistrendisnot
haltedsoon.
References
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K.-O.Haustein,D.Groneberg,TobaccoorHealth? DOI:10.1007978-3-540-87577-2_2,©SpringerVerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010
Epidemiology of Tobacco Dependence
2
Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedthebirthanddevelopmentofanewepidemic-tobacco dependence
[1–3] .Inthelast40years,duetotheriseintobaccoconsumptionFig.
2.1 ;
Table 2.1
,tobaccousehasbecomeaparticularhealthhazard,asdocumentedinnumerous reports
[2,3,7–13] .Ithasbecomeclearthatthenicotinedependencenicotinebeingpro-
ducedthroughthetobaccoplant,afactnowconirmedbytheWorldHealthOrganization WHO,isresponsiblefortheadverseeffectsonhealth
[14] .Nicotineitselfisknowntobe
apowerfulpoison–similartoprussicacid [15]
.Nevertheless,mosthealth-relatedconse- quencesareattributabletothe2,500toxinsinthetobaccoplantandtosome4,000sub-
stancespresentintobaccosmoke [16–18]
.IntheUSAandmanyEuropeanUnionEU countries,tobaccocausesmoredeathsthananyotherdependence-producingsubstance
Table 2.2
[4,19]
.Thedevelopingcountrieswillbesufferingthisiftheycontinueto increasetheirtobaccoconsumption
[20] .
InEurope,morethan30ofthepopulationsmokecigarettes;cigarandpipesmoking andtheuseofchewingorsnufftobaccoareofsecondaryimportance.InGermany,where
morethan17millionpeoplecurrentlysmoke,309peopledieeachdayfromthedirect consequencesofsmoking,whereasroadtraficaccidentsclaima“mere”21deathsday.If
anairlinerwith309passengersonboardcrasheseverydayinGermany,therewouldbea
1925 1,000
2,000 Great
Depression Postwar
demobilization Korean
War Increased
marketing of filter cigarettes begins
Broadcast ads end
Federal excise tax doubled
Rotating package
warnings Nonsmokers begin
to demand rights Fairness
Doctrine
First surgeon general’s report
Early reports linking smoking
and cancer World War II
3,000 4,000
Cigarettes per Year
5,000
1930 1935 1940
1945 1955
1950 1960 1965 1970
1975 1980 1985 1990
Fig. 2.1
AnnualpercapitacigaretteconsumptionintheUSAduringtheperiodfrom1925to1990 from
[4]
nationaloutcryandthegovernmentwouldbecompelledtotakeaction.Duringtheperiod from1925tothe1960s,tobaccoconsumptionintheUSAshoweda4.2-foldincrease,
beforefallingagainto2.5timesthe1925levelbythestartofthe1990sFig. 2.1
. In the USA, cigarette smoking is responsible for one in every ive deaths 400,000
deathsperannum,seeTable 2.2
,chielyasaresultofcoronaryheartdisease,lungcancer andotherrespiratorytractdiseaseswhichwouldbeavoidableinprinciplebysmokingces-
sation [21]
.Asanexoticcommodity,therefore,thecigarettehasadvancedtobecomethe commonestcauseofdeath.TheproblemhasreachedsimilardimensionsinEurope
[4] .