“Be Smart: Don’t Start”
Earlyelementaryschool Laterelementaryschool
Knowledge:studentswilllearnthat Knowledge:studentswilllearnthat
Adrugisachemicalthatchangeshowthe bodyworks
Stoppingtobaccousehasshort-andlong-term beneits
Allformsoftobaccocontainadrug callednicotine
Environmentaltobaccosmokeisdangerousto health
Tobaccouseincludescigarettesand smokelesstobacco
Mostyoungpersonsandadultsdonotuse tobacco
Tobaccouseisharmfultohealth Nicotine,containedinallformsoftobacco,is
anaddictivedrug Stoppingtobaccousehasshort-termand
long-termbeneits Tobaccousehasshort-termandlong-term
physiologicandcosmeticconsequences Manypersonswhousetobaccohave
troublestopping Personalfeelings,family,peers,andthemedia
inluencedecisionsabouttobaccouse Tobaccosmokeintheairisdangerousto
anyonewhobreathesit Tobaccoadvertisingisoftendirectedtoward
youngpersons Manyiresarecausedbypersonswhosmoke
Youngpersonscanresistpressuretousetobacco Someadvertisementstrytopersuade
personstousetobacco Laws,rules,andpoliciesregulatethesaleand
useoftobacco Mostyoungpersonsandadultsdonotuse
tobacco Personswhochoosetousetobaccoarenot
badpersons Attitudes:studentswilldemonstrate
Attitudes:studentswilldemonstrate Apersonalcommitmentnottousetobacco
Apersonalcommitmentnottousetobacco Prideaboutchoosingnottousetobacco
Prideaboutchoosingnottousetobacco Supportforothers’decisionsnottousetobacco
Responsibilityforpersonalhealth Skills:studentswillbeableto
Skills:studentswillbeableto Communicateknowledgeandpersonal
attitudesabouttobaccouse Communicateknowledgeandpersonalattitudes
abouttobaccouse Encourageotherpersonsnottousetobacco
Encourageotherpersonsnottousetobacco Demonstrateskillstoresisttobaccouse
Statethebeneitsofasmoke-freeenvironment Developcounterargumentstotobaccoadvertise-
mentsandotherpromotionalmaterials Supportpersonswhoaretryingtostopusing
tobacco MiddleschooljuniorhighSchool
knowledge:studentswilllearnthat Seniorhighschoolknowledge:studentswill
learnthat Mostyoungpersonsandadultsdonot
smoke Mostyoungpersonsandadultsdonotsmoke
Laws,rules,andpoliciesregulatethesale anduseoftobacco
Tobaccousehasshort-andlong-termphysi- ologic,cosmetic,social,andeconomic
consequences Tobaccomanufacturersusevarious
strategiestodirectadvertisements towardyoungpersons,suchas
“image”advertising Cigarettesmokingandsmokelesstobaccouse
havedirecthealthconsequences
Table 12.2
Instructionalconceptskindergartenthroughgrade12forschoolhealthprogrammesto preventtobaccouseandaddiction
[43]
Table 12.2
continued Earlyelementaryschool
Laterelementaryschool Knowledge:studentswilllearnthat
Knowledge:studentswilllearnthat Tobaccousehasshort-andlongterm
physiologic,cosmetic,social,and economicconsequences
Communityorganizationshaveinformation abouttobaccouseandcanhelppersonsstop
usingtobacco Cigarettesmokingandsmokelesstobacco
usehavedirecthealthconsequences Smokingcessationprogramscanbesuccessful
Maintainingatobacco-freeenvironment hashealthbeneits
Tobaccouseisanunhealthywaytomanage stressorweight
Tobaccouseisanunhealthywaytomanage stressorweight
Tobaccouseduringpregnancyhasharmful effectsanthefoetus
Communityorganizationshaveinformation abouttobaccouseandcanhelppersons
stopusingtobacco Schoolsandcommunityorganizationscan
promoteasmoke-freeenvironment Smokingcessationprogramscanbe
successful Manypersonsindithardtostopusingtobacco,
despiteknowledgeaboutthehealthhazards oftobaccouse
Tobaccocontainsotherharmfulsubstances inadditiontonicotine
Attitudes:studentswilldemonstrate Attitudes:studentswilldemonstrate
Apersonalcommitmentnottousetobacco Apersonalcommitmentnottousetobacco
Prideaboutchoosingnottousetobacco Prideaboutchoosingnottousetobacco
Responsibilityforpersonalhealth Responsibilityforpersonalhealth
Supportforothers’decisionsnottouse tobacco
Supportforothers’decisionsnottouse tobacco
Conidenceinpersonalabilitytoresist tobaccouse
Conidenceinpersonalabilitytoresisttobacco use
Willingnesstouseschoolandcommunity resourcesforinformationabout,andhelp
with,resistingorquittingtobaccouse Skills:studentswillbeableto
Skills:studentswillbeableto Encourageotherpersonsnottousetobacco Encourageotherpersonsnottousetobacco
Supportpersonswhoaretryingtostop usingtobacco
Supportpersonswhoaretryingtostopusing tobacco
Communicateknowledgeandpersonal attitudesabouttobaccouse
Communicateknowledgeandpersonalattitudes abouttobaccouse
Demonstrateskillstoresisttobaccouse Demonstrateskillstoresisttobaccouse
Identifyandcounterstrategiesusedin tobaccoadvertisementsandother
promotionalmaterials Identifyandcounterstrategiesusedintobacco
advertisementsandotherpromotional materials
Developmethodsforcopingwithtobacco usebyparentsandwithotherdificult
personalsituations,suchaspeer pressuretousetobacco
Developmethodsforcopingwithtobaccouse byparentsandwithotherdificultpersonal
situations,suchaspeerpressuretouse tobacco
Requestasmoke-freeenvironment Useschoolandcommunityresourcesfor
informationaboutandhelpwith,resistingor quittingtobaccouse
Initiateschoolandcommunityactiontosupport asmoke-freeenvironment
Theseconceptsreinforcecontentintroducedduringearliergrades.
subjects“Smoking”and“Takingastand”arenotcoveredinyears12.Thefollowinglife skillareasarecoveredinamannercommensuratewiththechildren’sage:self-imageand
abilitytounderstandthesituation,handlingstress,communicationissues,criticalthink- ingandtakingastand,problem-solvingandhealth-relatedknowledge.Fromschoolyear
3 onwards, students learn about the harmful constituents of tobacco smoke and their implicationsforhealtharepresented.Extensiveandvariedstudyandexercisematerials
aremadeavailabletothestudents.Theprogramme’smascotis“IgortheHedgehog”who says“No”tocigarettes
[65] .
The study was conducted in particular to establish whether students show positive changesintermsofsmokingbehaviourandwhethertheyalsoshowpositivedevelopment
intermsofexpectations,attitudesandknowledgewithregardtosmoking.Onthebasisof aquestionnairescore,thestudentswereassessedforsmokingbehaviourandforitsper-
sonalconsequencesonthem.Sincetheteachingactivitieswereeasytoimplement,the programmewasverypositivelyassessedbystudentsandteachers
[65] .Apositiveinlu-
encehasbeenassumedonthepsychosocialbehaviourofthestudents:aggressivebehav- iouramongtheyoungerstudentswasreducedandtherewasadeclineinsocialproblems
amongtheolderstudentsintermsofdelinquentandanxious,aggressivebehaviourpat- terns
[65] .However,itisimportanttonotethatonlytheshort-termeffectsoftheinterven-
tion were studied and that consequently no conclusions can be drawn concerning the permanenceoftheresultingbehaviourpatternsself-worth,strengthofresistance,par-
ticularlysincethefrequencyoftobaccoconsumptionwillincrease [34]
.