Non-formal Education Theoretical Review

18 Outdoor education offers children special contexts for play and exploration, real experiences and contact with the natural world and community.

4. Curriculum of FEC

FEC focused on communicative curriculum that ideally drew from three major areas namely sociocultural views on the nature of language, cognitively-based views on the nature of language learning, and humanistic views of education Olshtain, and Dubin 1986:68. Communicative approaches is a system that alters an expands the components of the existing methodology like structural approach in terms of language content, course products, and learning process. It has brought about a more comprehensive view of language teaching and learning. Consequently, content of the curriculum has been expanded to include not only structures, situations, and themes or topics, but also concepts notions and functions. In communicative approach, there are processes called workouts. Dubin and Olshtain 1986:96 explained that workouts are language learning and language using activities which enhance the learners’ overall acquisition process, providing planners and teachers with a variety of ways through which to make this process engaging and rewarding. The following are some samples of such workouts for children. 1. Warm-upsrelaxers are motivational workouts which add an element of enjoyment and personal involvement. They can be used at various points 19 during session, especially when a relief of tension or a change of pace is called for, for example games, songs, physical activities, puzzles. 2. Theater games encompass all activity types which simulate reality within the classroom situation, for example, role playing, play enacting, and story-telling. 3. Mediationsinterventions are workouts which enable learners to experience bridging information gaps while using the target language, for example, interacting with another based on incomplete information, interacting with others to change their opinions, talking one’s way out of a difficult situation. 4. Group dynamics and experiential tasks are group activities which create opportunities for sharing personal feelings and emotions among learners. Group dynamics activities for example, small groups or pairs solve problems or discuss issues which center on topics of personal concern, sharing of self and feeling rather than general subject matter or topics external to self. Experiential tasks for example, as a group activity, making, building, constructing, or creating something concrete that relates to the thematic material of the language course. 5. Skill-getting strategies are activities which enable learners to develop specific skill areas in the target language, for example, following a language stimulus, often a reading passage, filling in forms, providing language to complete visual displays such as a cartoon or photograph. 20

5. SOP Standard Operating Procedure

SOP is a guideline which contains procedures of standard operating in an organization that is used to ensure that every decision or action, and the use of processing facilities carried out by the people in an organization, is effective, consistent, standard and systematic Tambunan, Rudi, M.: 2008. SOP must exist before the program is done. It is used to assess whether a program has been done well or not. The steps in writing the SOP of FEC 2015 were adopted by a journal written by David Grusenmeyer entitled Developing Effective Standard Operating Procedures in which there are six steps to develop a SOP: name the SOP using descriptive action words, write a scope for the SOP, develop an overall task description, describe each task in detail, get everyone on board, and set up a system to monitor the SOP regularly.

B. Review of Related Studies

There are studies relevant to the development in Fun English Club language school. The first study was conducted by Andhyka Murti 2014. It