Saran Impairment adalah menggambarkan hilangnya fungsi fisiologis,

bermakna antara kadar albumin dengan hemisfer otak yang terkena, lapisan otak yang terkena, ukuran infark dan jumlah infark. 11. Secara keseluruhan outcome penderita stroke iskemik yang dinilai dengan BI adalah sedang skor BI antara 60 – 85 dan outcome baik skor MRS 4 bila dinilai dengan MRS. 12. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar albumin serum dengan outcome fungsional penderita stroke iskemik baik dengan diabetes maupun tanpa diabetes.

V.2. Saran

Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan skala yang lebih besar dengan jumlah subjek yang lebih banyak sehingga diperoleh hasil yang lebih representatif. Roberthus Bangun: Hubungan Kadar Albumn Serum Dan Outcome Fungsional Penderita Stroke Iskemik Dengan Dan Tanpa Diabetes, 2008. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Adams, H.P., del Zoppo, G., Alberts, M.J., Bhatt, D.L., Brass, L., Furlan, A., et al. 2007. Guidelines for the Early Management of Adults With Ischemic Stroke. A Guideline From the American Heart AssociationAmerican Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups. Stroke. 38:1655 – 1711. Ahmed, S.H., Hu, C., Paczynski, R., Hsu, C.Y. 2001. Pathophysiology of Ischemic Injury. In: Fisher, M., ed. Stroke Theraphy. pp.25 – 57. Butterworth-Heinemann. Boston. Air, E.L., and Kissela, B.M. 2007. Diabetes, the Metabolic Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke: Epidemiology and Possible Mechanisms. Diabetes Care. 36:1735 – 1742. Almdal, T., Scharling, H., Jensen, J.S., Vestergaard, H. 2004. The Independent Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Ischemic Heart Disease, Stroke, and Death. A Population-Based Study of 13000 Man and Woman With 20 Years of Follow-up. Arch Intern Med. 164: 1422 – 1426. Banks, J.L., Marotta, C.A. 2007. Outcomes Validity and Reliability of Modified Rankin Scale: Implications for Stroke Clinical Trials. A Literature Riview and Synthesis. Stroke. 38:1091 – 1096. Beckman, J.A., Creager, M.A., Libby, P. 2002. Diabetes and Atherosclerosis. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management. JAMA. 287:2570 – 2581. Belayev, L., Liu, Y., Zhao, W., Busto, R., Ginsberg, M.D. 2001. Human Albumin Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Marked Neuroprotective Efficacy at Moderate Doses and With a Broad Therapeutic Window. Stroke. 32:553 – 560. Belayev, L., Pinard, E., Nallet, H., Seylaz, J., Liu, Y., Riyamongkol, P., et al. 2002. Albumin Therapy of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia. In Vivo Analysis of Dynamic Microvascular Responses. Stroke. 33:1077 – 1084. Belayev, L., Marcheselli, V.L., Khoutorova, L., Rodriguez de Turco, E.B., Busto, R., Ginsberg, M.D., et al. 2005. Decosahexaenoic Acid Complexed to Albumin Elicits High-Grade Ischemic Neuroprotection. Stroke. 36:118 – 123. Bhalla, A., Wolfe, C.D.A., Ruud, A.G. 2001. Management of acute physiological parameters after stroke. Q J Med . 94:167 – 172. Blecic, S.A and Devuyst, G. 2001. General Management of Acute Stroke. In: Fisher, M., ed. Stroke Theraphy. pp.211 – 224. Butterworth-Heinemann. Boston. Roberthus Bangun: Hubungan Kadar Albumn Serum Dan Outcome Fungsional Penderita Stroke Iskemik Dengan Dan Tanpa Diabetes, 2008. Broderick, J.P., Broot, T.G., Duldner, J.E. 1993. Volume of Intracranial Haemorrhage of Powerful and Easy to Use. Predictor of 30 Days Mortality. Stroke. 24::987 – 993. Broderick, J., Connolly, S., Feldmann, E., Hanley, D., Kase, C., Krieger, D., et al. 2007. Guideline for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adult 2007 Update. A Guideline From the American Heart Association American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Preassure Council and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Reseach InterdisciplinaryWorking Group. Stroke. 38:2001 – 2023. Bruno, A., Biller, J., Adam, H.P Jr., Clarke, W.R., Woolson, R.F., Williams, L.S., Hansen, M.D. 1999. Acute blood glucose level and outcome from ischemic stroke. Trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment TOAST investibators. Neurology. 52:280 – 284. Calles-Escandon, J dan Cipolla, M. 2001. Diabetes and Endothelial Dysfuction: A Clinical Perspective. Endocrine Reviews. 221:36 – 52. Capes, S.E., Hunt, D., Malmberg, K., Pathak, P., Gerstein, H.C. 2001. Stress Hyperglycemia and Prognosis of Stroke in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Patients. A Systematic Overview. 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The Impact of History of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes at Baseline on the Incidenceof Stroke and Stroke Mortality. Stroke. 36:2538 – 2543. Inzucchi, S.E. 2005. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. In: Inzucchi, S., Porte, D., Sherwin, R.S., Baron, A. eds. The Diabetes Mellitus Manual: A Primary Care Companion to Ellenberg Rifkin’s. 6 th ed. pp. 1 – 14. McGraw-Hill. New York. Janghorbani, M., Hu, F.B., Willet W.C. Li, T.Y., Manson, J.E., Logroscino, G., Rexrode, K.M. 2007. Prospective Study of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Stroke Subtypes. Diabetes Care. 30: 1730 – 1735. Jannis, J. 2007. Pengantar Computerized Tomography CT scan. In: Rasyid, A., Soertidewi, L. eds. Unit Stroke. Manajemen Stroke Secara Komprehensif. pp. 109 – 115. Balai Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta. Jhonson, M.H. and Kubal, W.S. 1999. Stroke. In: Lee, S.h., Rao, K.C.V.G. AND Zimmermann, R.A. eds Cranial MRI and CT. 4th ed. pp. 557 – 598. McGraw-Hill. New York. Kagansky, N., Levy, S,. 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Kissela, B.M., Khoury, J.K., Kleindorfer, Woo, D., Schneider, Alwell, K., et al. 2005. Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Diabetes. The GreaterCincinnatiNorthern Kentucky Stroke Study. Koren-Morag, N., Goldbourt, U., Tanne, D. 2005. Relation Between the Metabolic Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. A Prospective Cohort Study in Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Stroke. 36:1366 – 1371. Lina, Y dan Wijaya, A. 2005. Mekanisme Molekuler Diabetes Tipe 2. Forum Diagnosticum. 2:1 – 15. Luscher, T.F., Creager, M.A. 2003. Diabetes and Vascular Disease. Pathophysiology, Clinical Consequences, and Medical Therapy: Part II. Circulation. 108: 1655 – 1661. Machfoed, M.H. 2003. The Latest Clinical Epidemiological Data of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients in Surabaya and the Surroundings. A Hospital Based Study. Folia Medica Indonesiana.39:242 – 250. Manji, H., Connolly, S., Dorward, N., Kitcqhen, N., Mehta, A., Wills, A. 2007. 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SURAT PERSETUJUAN IKUT DALAM PENELITIAN Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini : Nama : Jenis Kelamin : Umur : Pekerjaan : Alamat : Setelah mendapat keterangan secara terperinci dan jelas mengenai penelitian yang berjudul “HUBUNGAN KADAR ALBUMIN SERUM DAN OUTCOME FUNGSIONAL STROKE ISKEMIK DENGAN DAN TANPA DIABETES ” dan setelah mendapat kesempatan mengajukan pertanyaan mengenai gejala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan penelitian tersebut, maka dengan ini saya secara sukarela dan tanpa paksaan menyatakan saya ikut dalam penelitian tersebut. Medan,..……………………..2007 1. 2. LAMPIRAN 2 LEMBAR PENGUMPUL DATA PENELITIAN

I. IDENTITAS PRIBADI

No. Urut : No. MR : Tgl MRS : Nama Lengkap : Umur : thn Jenis kelamin : ฀ Pria ฀ Wanita Status: ฀ Kawin ฀ Tidak kawin Suku bangsa : ฀ Toba ฀ Karo ฀ Simalungun ฀ Mandailing ฀ Jawa ฀ Nias ฀ ............ Roberthus Bangun: Hubungan Kadar Albumn Serum Dan Outcome Fungsional Penderita Stroke Iskemik Dengan Dan Tanpa Diabetes, 2008. Alamat :

II. HASIL PEMERIKSAAN 1. Saat Masuk Rumah Sakit

1.1. Vital Sign