One-way Entailment Types of Entailment in The Da Vinci Code Movie
application of one-way entailment is 26 times over total 57 data. In the movie, one-way entailment is formulated by the orders of background and foreground.
Furthermore, the example of one-way entailment which is ordered by the background is given in the following datum.
Naveu : But the Templars were created to protect The Holy
Land.
Longdon : That was a cover to hide their true goal, according to
this myth.
Datum 21 Naveu and Longdon discuss about The Templars. Naveu states that the
Templars were created to protect The Holy Land, while Longdon states that The Templars was a cover to hide their true goal. Therefore, the possessive pronoun
their here refers to The Priory of Sion. Thus, if The Templars were created to
protect the Holy Land, The Templars must be a cover to hide The P riory of Sion‟s
true goal. On the contrary, if the Templars are a cover to hide The P riory of Sion‟s
true goal, they are not always created to protect the Holy Land. That is why the entailment of the sentences is considered as one-way because the direction of the
entailment can only occur from one way. Furthermore, both sentences share the same knowledge which makes them ordered by the background. The background
order is created because the first sentence is expanded in the second one; that is way the researcher to apply contexted clause approach to detect the entailment.
Another example of entailment with background order and detected by contexted clause approach is presented in the following datum.
Leigh Teabing : And in 325 Anno Domini, he decided to unify Rome under a single religion, Christianity. Christianity was
on the rise. Datum 35
Sir Leigh Teabing argues that Anno Domini decided to unify Rome under a single religion, and by that time Christianity was on the rise. From his
utterances, one-way entailment can be seen because if Anno Domini decided to unify Rome under a single religion
is true; it cannot be denied that Christianity was on the rice
in that era. Christiani ty does not necessarily need Anno Domini‟s
decision to be on the rise, instead there were many other ways which possibly caused the rise of Christianity.
The datum clearly shows that the second sentence plays a role as the conclusion of the first sentence which means that the truth of the second sentence
is decided by the truth of the first sentence. If the first is true, the second sentence must also be true, but if the first sentence is wrong, the second sentence will
definitely wrong. Besides, the secon d sentence‟s truth has nothing to do with the
first sentence. That is how one-way entailment happens. Moreover, both sentences share the same logical concept about the rise of Christianity in Rome under Anno
Domini‟s reign. Thus, background entailment plays a role in ordering the entailment. In accordance, the entailment can be detected by contexted clause.
One more example of one-way entailment with background order is presented as follows.
Silas: It is here, in Paris, Teacher. It hides beneath the Rose in Saint-Sulpice.
Datum 8 Silas is talking with someone he calls teacher on the phone. They are
discussing about the location of something. If the thing being discussed hides beneath the Rose in Saint-Sulpice; the thing must be in Paris. However, if it is in
Paris, it does not necessarily in the Rose in Saint-Sulpice, andor it could be anywhere. As a result, one-way entailment happens. Therefore, Saint-Sulplace is
Roman Catholic Church located in Paris; so both have the same background understanding. Thus, the similarity in background understanding formulates
entailment. From the background understanding of Saint-Sulplace and Paris, entailment is detected. Apart from the previous examples, this example employs
context matching approach to detect the entailment as Saint-Sulplace and Paris are not substitutable, but are interrelated.
Besides the occurrence of entailment with background order, there are also some which occur with foreground order. As stated in the literature review, there
are two kinds of foreground entailment i.e. clefting and stressing. One-way entailment with clefting as the order of entailment is presented as the following
example.
Longdon: Not at all. We met ONLY once. We were on a panel together.
Datum 10 In this datum, one-way entailment happens because if they Longdon and
Jacques Saunière were experienced to be on a panel together; it means they have met at least once. But if they met only once; their meeting probably was not on a
panel. They could have met on any other occasion whether before or after their meeting on the panel. As the truth of one sentence controls the truth of the other
sentence, one-way entailment occurs. Furthermore, Longdon adds, and stresses the word only as he wants the hearer to be more focused on the context instead of
saying We met once. Hence, clefting happens. Therefore, the first sentence is explained more on the second sentence in which flattening happens. The
occurrence of flattening triggers the application of contexted clause approach to detect the entailment.
On the other hand, the occurrence of one-way entailment with clefting order which uses context matching approach does not appear in the data sheet.
This kind of one-way entailment does not appear as context matching approach requires two interconnected words in a pair of sentences. If a one-way entailment
contains two related words on the sentences; the entailment must be ordered by the background or by stressing if there speaker stresses any word in a sentence.
Hence, there is one-way entailment with clefting order that detected by using context matching found in The Da Vinci Code movie.
The last variation of one-way entailment is one-way entailment which is ordered according to stressing. The example is showed in the following.
Ms. Culp: MY SON is a student of yours at Harvard. Michael Culp? He adores you.
Datum 4 One-way entailment occurs in the
Ms. Culp‟s sentences because the truth of
the Michael Culp‟s adoration toward Robert Longdon the hearer indicates the truth that Michael Culp is the student of Harvard where Longdon works as a
lecturer. However, if Michael Culp is the student of Harvard; it does not mean that he adores Longdon. As the speaker stresses my son; it means that she wants
Longdon to focus about the truth that the speaker must be the mother of Michael Culp. Meanwhile, He adores you is the explanation derived from the first
sentence. Thus, this datum describes the first sentence My son is a student of
yours at Harvard in the second sentence He adores you. The first sentence is
positioned as the main sentence, while the second sentence is the explanation which the truth follows the truth of the first sentence. This explanation clarifies
that the approach to detect the entailment is contexted clause as contexted clause elaborates one sentence in the following sentences. Therefore, there is also one-
way entailment with stressing order that is detected by context matching approach that can be seen from the following example.
Capt B. Fache : So you know something of SECURITY PROCEDURES
. Longdon
: Well, I know video surveillance in a museum this size is cost-prohibitive.
Most now rely on containment. Datum 11
Longon and Captain B. Fache have a conversation about the security procedure of a museum. If Longdon knows the video surveillance in the museum
where they are having conversation at that time is cost-prohibitive, he must be knows at least one of security procedures. However, if he knows the security
procedures ; it does not necessary that he knows the video surveillance because he
might know the other security procedures. In short, video surveillance is one of security procedures
. Thus, one-way entailment occurs as the truth of Longdon‟s
knowledge about security procedure is consequence with his knowledge in video surveillance. Capt
ain B. Fache‟s stressed phrase security procedure is intended to make Longdon pay more attention about it as it is important. Meanwhile,
context matching is used because there is connection on the word security and surveillance
.