Background Entailment Orders of Entailment in The Da Vinci Code Movie
as the blade, it must be represents aggression and manhood . However, if the
symbol represents aggression and manhood, it does not have to be a blade, it
could be anything else. Thus, Longdon ‟s sentences contain one-way entailment.
Therefore, in this context, blade has the same understanding with the representation manhood
. Hence, when Longdon said that the symbol he practices with his hands is a blade, he also commits the truth of his second sentence. That is
how the order of entailment is located on the background. Along with the background context, the word blade has been flattened to be aggression and
manhood . That is why contexted clause is applied to detect the existence of
entailment The similar example of background order found in one-way entailment is
presented in the following datum.
Bishop Aringarosa: Many of our followers are married. Many of them have families
. Only a small proportion choose to live ascetically in the cloisters of our residential halls. But
we are all united in Gods work around the world. Surely that is an admirable way to lead ones life.
Datum 16 On an interview with a man named Michael, Bishop Aringarosa explains
his opinion to defend himself as Michael is doubtful toward the bishop and his followers‟ belief. Here, Bishop Aringarosa mentioned the words married and
family . In fact, the words married and family share the same background
knowledge as married is the part of family; that is why the entailment is following the background order.
Therefore, one- way entailment can be seen from the bishop‟s utterance
because if the followers are married, the obviously have families, but if they have
families, it does not mean they are married . It also means that the entailment has
context matching approach as married and family has the same understanding even though the word married cannot substitute the word family.
For the further understanding of background entailment, one more example taken from the data sheet is presented in the following.
Longdon: I hope not. Any Priory story ends in bloodshed. They were butchered by the Church.
It all started over a thousand years ago when a French king conquered the holy city of Jerusalem.
This crusade, one of the most massive and sweeping in history was actually orchestrated by a secret brotherhood, the Priory of
Sion and their military arm, the Knights Templar.
Datum 20 Longdon is in a conversation with Naveu. He tells about the story of The
Priory to her. From his sentences, both thickened sentences share the same background understanding which means that the order of entailment is formed by
the background. The same background information can be seen from the words bloodshed
and butchered. Both words share the same understanding, but cannot substitute one another. As Longdon uttered Any Priory story ends in bloodshed,
he also commits the truth of They were butchered by the Church. Therefore, Any Priory story ends in bloodshed entails They were
butchered by the Church in one way because if any Priory were butchered by the
Church, their story ends in bloodshed. However, if their story ends in bloodshed,
it does not mean that the Church butchered them. Moreover, the existence of the words bloodshed and butchered also indicates that the entailment can be detected
by context matching approach.
2 Background Order in Two-wayMutual Entailment
Apart from the previous discussion which presents background order found in one-way entailment, the data sheet also contains several data with
background order in two-waymutual entailment. The example is presented in the following datum.
André Vernet: Understood. Keys are often passed on and first-time users
are sometimes uncertain of protocol. Keys are
essentially numbered Swiss accounts. Often willed
through generations. Is it yours, mademoiselle? Datum 29
André Vernet tells Longdon and Naveu about keys of the kryptex. Both of André Vernet
‟s bold sentences are presented in the order of background entailment as both sentences share the same knowledge about keys, and this
similarity is the requirement of background entailment. The same knowledge presented in this datum is that both thickened sentences describe about keys as an
essential thing. André Vernet explains to Longdon and Naveu that keys are often
passed on and first-time users are sometimes uncertain of protocol.
Then he paraphrases his first sentence into keys are essentially numbered Swiss accounts
in order to give more information regarding the first sentence. Both sentences entail mutually. Furthermore, as the first sentence is explained on the second one
by flattening; contexted clause approach employed. Another example of two-waymutual entailment containing background
order is shown from Captain B . Fache and Lieutenant Collet‟s conversation about
Bishop Aringarosa‟s opinion on Robert Longdon.
Capt B. Fache: His name was Robert Langdon. He said I couldnt imagine the evil in this mans heart.
Datum 48 The order of entailment from this datum can be seen in the background as
there is interconnectedness between the thickened sentences. Therefore, the second sentence is Bishop Aringarosa
‟s opinion which is indirectly delivered by Captain B. Fache to Lieutenant Collet. The interconnectedness idea in the
sentences is located on the knowledge that Bishop Aringarosa imagines Robert Longdon as a man with evil heart. In this context, Bishop Aringarosa does not like
Longdon, and he slanders Longdon as the suspect of four murders. As the truth of both sentences follows one another, the sentences are considered as two-
waymutual entailment. To add, the detection is using contexted clause approach as the first sentence is flattened in the second sentence.
3 Background Order in Negative Entailment
Regarding to the low frequency of negative entailment in The Da Vinci Code
movie; there is only a datum presented to show the application of background order in negative entailment. The datum taken from the data sheet is
presented in the following.
Longdon : You dont believe in God. Naveu
: No. I dont believe in some magic from the sky. Just people.
Sometimes that they can be kind. Datum 31
Longdon and Naveu share the same understanding in their utterance. Naveu said I dont believe in some magic from the sky to strengthen the idea of
what Longdon has uttered. Therefore, both thickened sentences contain the same logical concept which can be seen in the word God, in this context, has a meaning
as a magic from the sky. Moreover, the bondrelation on the background of the sentences orders both sentences to be a pair of entailed sentences.
Furthermore, the word God is interrelated to the word sky, but God does not mean sky. From both words, a sign of entailment can be detected using context
matching approach. If Naveu does not believe in God, she also does not believe in some magic from the sky
because God, for some people, is a magic from the sky. The the sentences are paraphrased. On the other hand, the entailment is expressed
in negative form. 4
Background Order in Metaphorical Entailment The following datum is presented to show the background order in
metaphorical entailment. Sister Sandrine:
I fear the other guardians are dead. The lie has been
told. The floor panel has been broken.
Datum 24 Sister Sandrine is talking alone on the phone as the person she calls does
not pick the call. From her utterance, metaphorical entailment is detected by using context matching approach as in this context; the word told is correlated with the
word broken. This correlation also indicates that both sentences share the equivalent understanding. Her first sentence The lie has been told is strengthened
by using metaphorical image which has the same level of comparison in her second sentence. That is why the sentences embody entailment which is ordered
because of background relation. Moreover, from Sister Sandrina‟s thickened
sentences, it can be seen that there is metaphor. The lie has been told is the
domain sentence, while The floor has been broken is the target sentence of the metaphor.