Context Matching Approaches to Detect Entailment in The Da Vinci Code Movie
for the phenomena where meaning correspondence is more needed rather than substitution. Hence, to apply context matching, there should be at least two words
which are not substitutable but contain meaning correspondence. This restriction triggers the low application of context matching in analyzing the data. As a result,
context matching is applied 21 times over the total 57 data. However, those 21 data which apply context matching approach are distributed in all the types of
entailment. For the further explanation, the examples and discussion of context matching approach applied in each type of entailment are presented as follows.
1 Context Matching Applied in One-way Entailment
The example of the employment of context matching in one-way entailment is performed in the following datum.
Lt. Collet: Bonjour, professor.
I’m Lieutenant Collet from DCPJ. A kind of French FBI.
Will you take a look at this photo, please? Datum 6
Context matching can be seen in this context since the bold sentences are ordered by the same understanding concept of lieutenant and FBI. Hence, the
order of entailment can be seen from the background idea. In parallel, context matching approach is applied to detect the entailment as lieutenant is the part of
FBI . As a matter of fact, DCPJ is the kind of French FBI. However, the word
lieutenant cannot substitute the abbreviation FBI. Thus, context matching is
applied to detect entailment in sentences which share the same understanding. Therefore, one-way entailment happens because if the speaker is a lieutenant, he
must be working in a police institution in this context it is DCPJ, but if he works in a police institution, does not mean that he is a lieutenant.
Another example of the employment of context matching in one-way entailment is performed by the following datum.
Longdon: According to all of this, Princess Sophie, you are the HEIR. The end of the bloodline.
You are the last living descendent of
Jesus Christ. Datum 56
Longdon finds out a fact that Naveu is the heir of Jesus Christ. From his
thickened sentences, there is interconnectedness between the word heir and the
word bloodline. That is why Longdon stressed the word bloodline; it is because he wants to get Naveu awareness in order to deliver his next sentence. Hence, the
words heir and bloodline have a relation in which required by context matching approach to detect the entailment. Both words are related with one another even
though both cannot replace one another ‟s position if those words are employed on
a sentence.
Furthermore,
The end of the bloodline entails you are the HEIR. Here, if
Naveu is the end of the bloodline, she must be the heir of Jesus. However, if she is the heir of Jesus, she might be might not be the end of the bloodline. According
to this explanation, the type of entailment of the sentences is one-way entailment. 2
Context Matching Applied in Two-wayMutual Entailment The employment of context matching to detect two-waymutual entailment
can be seen when Leigh Teabing meets several police officers in an airport.
Leigh Teabing: Inspector, I cant afford the time to indulge your games. Im LATE and Im leaving.
Datum 49 Context matching approach is applied to detect the entailment as there are
the words time and late employed in each sentence. Although the word time cannot substitute the word late, both share the same understanding. Furthermore,
the word late cannot be replaced by any other adjectives like fat, hungry, or crazy. The foreground order of entailment can be seen as Teabing stresses the word late
on the second sentence to explain that he cannot afford the time as in the scene Police Officers want investigate him and his plane. Therefore, the foreground
which orders the entailment here is stressing as the speaker stresses a word to point out his sentence. Thus, if Teabing cant afford the time means he is late, and
if he is late he cannot afford the time . The relation of both sentences is one-way
entailment as both sentences are paraphrase. The similar application of context matching can also be seen in the
entailment formed when Remi Jean was going to shoot Longdon with a gun, and the datum is presented in following.
Remi Jean : Thank you, professor. For a moment, this was getting
complicated. Leigh Teabing : Oh, this is ABSURD. Oh, for Gods sake, man
Datum 50 Remi points a gun on Longdon‟s head, and says this was getting
complicated. Then, Teabing is shocked, and says this is absurd. In this case, this
was getting complicated paraphrases this is absurd, vice versa. Hence, the
expressions uttered by Remi and Teabing in this datum reflect two-way entailment.
Furthermore, in this context the word complicated and the word absurd share the same logical understanding. Although both words cannot substitute one
another, both words contain the same understanding which indicates the existence of entailment. In fact, even though the words complicated and absurd are
adjectives, one of them cannot be substituted by any random adjectives. The sign
from the words complicated and absurd can be used as entailment detectors which are indicated by applying context matching approach.
3 Context Matching Applied in Negative Entailment
Longdon : You dont believe in God. Naveu
: No. I dont believe in some magic from the sky. Just people.
Sometimes that they can be kind. Datum 31
Longdon and Naveu share the same understanding in their utterance. Naveu said I dont believe in some magic from the sky to strengthen the idea of
what Longdon has uttered. Therefore, both thickened sentences contain the same logical concept which can be seen in the word God, in this context, has a meaning
as a magic from the sky. Furthermore, the word God is interrelated to the word sky,
but God does not mean sky. However, in this context, the word God cannot be replaced by wizard, spaghetti, or computer. From the words God and sky, a sign
of entailment can be detected using context matching approach. If Naveu does not believe in God, she also does not believe in some magic from the sky
because God
, for some people, is a magic from the sky. Thus, the sentences are paraphrased. However, the entailment is expressed in negative form.
4 Context Matching Applied in Metaphorical Entailment
The example of the application of context matching in metaphorical entailment can be perceived in the following datum.
Church Council Man: Yes, 20 million euro in untraceable bearer bonds. A tad more than petty cash.
Wouldnt you say, bishop?
Datum 25
There is a Church Council meeting which discussing about funds. One of the Church Council men gives a comment to Bishop Aringarosa due to his
demand for a huge amount of money. The sign of context matching approach can be seen in the words cash and bonds. There is a connection found in both words
since these words are not synonymous, but they have similar knowledge. The interconnectedness of those words triggers the researcher to identify the
entailment by context matching approach. As both words on each sentence is interconnected, and the sentences also share the same understanding; the
entailment must be ordered by the same background understanding. Therefore, on the thickened sentences, metaphorical entailment can be perceived as the speaker
says untraceable bearer bonds and tad more than petty cash which means a huge amount of money.
As explained in the findings and discussion, there are four types of entailment found in The Da Vinci Code movie which are ordered according to
background and foreground. Therefore, the entailments found in The Da Vinci Code
movie can be detected by using contexted clause and context matching approaches. Thus, there are two combinations obtained from the integration
between the objectives of the study; they are the combination of types and orders, and the combination of types and approaches. However, on the combination of
types and orders, metaphorical entailment datum with foreground order−clefting is not found since both have some restrictions which trigger the impossibility for
them to be combined.
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