Two-wayMutual Entailment Types of Entailment in The Da Vinci Code Movie
of background entailment. As the first sentence is explained on the second one by giving an explanation; contexted clause approach employed. Therefore, it is clear
that the datum is considered as one-way entailment which is ordered according to the background context, and is detected by using contexted clause approach.
There is also two-way entailment which is ordered based on the background context that deploys quantifier to construct paraphrase. The example
of the datum is given in the following.
Longdon: Some Christians held that Jesus was mortal. Some Christians believed he was divine.
Datum 36 The employment of quantifier „some‟ in this datum causes the emergence
of paraphrase. From the quantifier „some‟; it can be obtained that if some believe in one thing; the other some must be believe in the other thing, and vice versa. As
a result, Some Christians held that Jesus was mortal paraphrases Some Christians believed he was divine,
and two-way entailment occurs in Longdon‟s statements
in this datum. Furthermore, both sentences share the same knowledge which makes the entailment containing background order. The background order is
created because the first sentence is flattened in the second one, which is triggered the researcher to apply contexted clause approach to detect the entailment.
Paraphrase can also be done by employing synonymous words on each sentence. The example of the employment of synonymous words is showed by the
following datum.
Longdon: The Priory found out. Somehow they concealed the fact that you were alive. They hid you with the Grand Master himself
who raised you as his own. Datum 55
Both thickened sentences uttered by Longdon are paraphrasing each other as there are two synonymous words that can be considered as the clue of
paraphrase: concealed and hid. Both words are synonymous because both can substitute each other
‟s position. As a result, the entailment in both sentences is categorized as two-waymutual entailment. Therefore, both synonymous words
also give a hint that the entailment in the sentences is ordered according to the background. In parallel, concealed and hid also mark that the entailment can be
detected using contexted clause approach as the first sentence is flattened in the following sentence.
Besides the previous examples of two-way entailment with background order which detected by contexted clause approach, the application of context
matching approach is not found in this variation. The absence of context matching approach is caused by the nonexistence of substitutable words in this variance of
entailment. Yet, the employment of context matching approach can be seen in the next variance; which is two-waymutual entailment with foreground order. The
example is given in the following datum.
Bishop Aringarosa: Tonight, The Grail will be DESTROYED. The
Priorys few remaining members will be SILENCED.
Datum 27 A paraphrase can be seen from this datum because the sentences are
parallel, and are conveying each other‟s meaning. If The Grail will be destroyed,
The Priorys few remaining members will be silenced. In parallel, if The Priorys
few remaining members will be silenced , The Grail will be destroyed. Moreover,
The Priory members are the part of The Grail according to the movie. Hence, The Priory is correlated with The Grail, while the word destroyed has a relation with
the word silenced. That is why both sentences have a paraphrase relation, and paraphrase is similar to mutualtwo-way entailment. Moreover, Bishop Aringarosa
stressed the words destroyed and silenced; both words share the same understanding in this context. In addition, as the first sentence is flattened in the
second sentence; contexted clause is employed to detect the entailment. Another example two-waymutual entailment which with foreground order
and detected by context matching approach is found when Longdon was explaining symbol to his students in the classroom.
Longdon: That is his TRIDENT. A symbol of power to millions of the ancients
. Now this symbol. Datum 2
When Robert Longdon shows a painting of Poseidon holding a trident, he states the trident is a symbol of power. A paraphrase can be seen from this datum
as the second sentence is the definition of the first sentence. In other word, the second sentence explains the first sentence. Thus, the truth of A symbol of power
to millions of the ancients follows the truth of That is his trident, and vice versa.
Therefore, paraphrase is emerged, and two-way entailment occurs. Therefore, Longdon stresses the word trident in order to show that he wants the hearers to
pay attention to this word because this word is the most important part of the current discussion. Moreover, the relationship between trident and power
indicates that the entailment of both sentences can be detected by using context matching approach.
Unlike the previous example of two-waymutual entailment which is ordered by foreground
−stressing; the following example is ordered by foreground
−clefting.
Naveu: Funny, I dont EVEN like history. Ive never seen much good come from looking to the past.
Datum 30
Naveu tells Longdon that she does not like history because she has never
seen much good come from looking to the past
. The fact that she has never seen
much good come from looking to the past triggers her dislike toward history. Her
second statement strengthens her first statement, and vice versa, and it means that both sentences paraphrase one another. Therefore, the addition of the word even in
Naveu‟s first sentence indicates that the order of entailment is foreground which uses clefting to order the entailment. Thus, the approach used is context matching
as history is interrelated to past even though history does not mean past.