Negative Entailment Types of Entailment in The Da Vinci Code Movie
occurrence of negative sentences in a conversation is not much; compared with the use of positive sentences. That is why the emergence of negative entailment in
The Da Vinci Code movie inhabits the lowest rank with the occurrence 6 times
over 57 total data. Therefore, in parallel with the previous examples of the other types of entailment, the negative entailment examples are also divided in negative
entailment with background order and negative entailment with foreground order. By considering the low occurrence of negative entailment with
background entailment, there is only one datum presented as the following example.
Bishop Aringarosa: We are not Cafeteria Catholics. We dont pick and choose which rules to follow. We follow doctrine
. Rigorously.
Datum 15 Bishop Aringarosa states that he and his followers do not pick and choose
rules; it means that they must be following the doctrine. However, if they follow the doctrine, they do not only not picking and choosing rules, but they can also do
something else. That is how one-way entailment happens. On the other hand, the entailment is presented in negative form as the sentence
We don’t pick and choose which rules to follow
contains the word „not‟ which indicates that the sentence is negative. Moreover, the order of entailment can be seen in the background as
there is interconnectedness between the thickened sentences. To add, the detection is using contexted clause approach as the first sentence is flattened in the second
sentence.
The examples of negative entailment which is ordered by foreground are also presented. The following datum shows the occurrence of negative entailment
which contains stressing to formulate foreground order of entailment.
Longdon: Constantine DID NOT create Jesus divinity. He simply sanctioned an already widely held idea.
Datum 37 Longdon tells Naveu that Constantine did not create Jesus divinity, but he
simply sanctioned an already widely held idea. Entailment can be seen from those sentences because there is interconnectedness in the sentence which indicates the
basic rule of entailment. If Constantine simply sectioned the widely held idea, it means he did not create Jesus‟ divinity, but if he did not create Jesus‟ divinity, he
could do something else other than simply sectioned the already widely known idea. However, the entailment is presented in negative form as the first sentence is
negative which is marked by the employment of the word „not‟ as the auxiliary
verb. Therefore, did not create Jesus’ divinity has the same understanding as
simply sectioned the already widely idea ; the idea of the first sentence flattened in
the second sentence which is why contexted clause is used to observe the entailment. Moreover, Longdon stresses the words did not in which it indicates
that the entailment is ordered by foreground−stressing. The last example of negative entailment with foreground−clefting is given
in the following utterance by Robert Longdon.
Neveu: Fache isnt EVEN looking for other suspects, okay? He is sure you’re guilty.
Datum 19
Both sentences paraphrase one another as when Fache isnt even looking for other suspects
, it means that he is sure that Longdon is the guilty; and if he is sure that Longdon is the guilty, he will not even looking for other suspects.
Even though the sentences are equivalent, both cannot be categorized as mutual
entailment because the first sentence contains the words “isn‟t” or “is not” which
indicate negative-entailment. Moreover, the addition of word even in Naveu‟s first
sentence indicates that the order of entailment is foreground, and the way to indicate the foreground order is clefting. Furthermore, the existence of the words
suspect and guilty triggers the researcher to employ context matching approach.