Contexted Clauses Approaches to Detect Entailment in The Da Vinci Code Movie

Condoravdi, 2002: 5. Therefore, the examples and explanations of contexted clause happened in each type of entailment are presented in the following. 1 Contexted Clauses Applied in One-way Entailment The example of contexted clause applied in on-way entailment is shown in the following datum. Leigh Teabing: Robert, no words. On your knees. Do it. No, I mean it. Down. Not you. No, my dear, you… Youre my MIRACLE , Sophie. Youre the guardian of The Grail. Datum 52 Contexted clause is applied as the second sentence which is Youre the guardian of the Grail holds the fact of the previous sentence. Thus, one-way entailment is reflected on the bold sentences because if Naveu is the guardian of The Grail, she must be a miracle for Teabing. However if she is Taebing’s miracle, she does not necessarily to be the guardian of The Grail. The flattening can be seen from this phenomenon as the context of miracle is derived into the guardian of The Grail. For Teabing, Naveu is his miracle as she is the guardian of The Grail since he has been looking for the guardian of The Grail in his entire life. Therefore, Teabing stresses the word miracle as he wants to point out that Naveu is the guardian of the Grail which becomes his miracle, and Naveu ought to understand how important she is for him. Thus, the order of entailment here can be seen from the stressed word which indicates foregrounding order. 2 Contexted Clauses Applied in Two-wayMutual Entailment The application of contexted clause approach in two-waymutual entailment is shown in the following table. Leigh Teabing: Mary Magdalene lived out her days in hiding. And the zealots pursued her still even in death, trying to destroy proof of her existence. But she always had her KNIGHTS. Brave men sworn to defend her. Datum 44 But she always had her KNIGHTS can be derived into several sentences following the context of this sentence. One of the sentences originated from the first thickened sentence is Brave men sworn to defend her. This derivation process indicates the application of contexted clause. However, the main sentence and the second sentence have mutual facts in which the truths of both sentences follow one another. As a result, She always had her KNIGHTS paraphrases Brave men sworn to defend her since both has two-way entailment relationship. If she always had her knights is true; the Brave men sworn to defend her is also true and vice versa. Teabing stresses the word knights as he will give an explanation about it on the following sentence. Therefore, the first sentence is explained more on the second sentence in which flattening happens. The occurrence of flattening triggers the application of contexted clause approach to detect the entailment. 3 Contexted Clauses Applied in Negative Entailment Longdon: Constantine DID NOT create Jesus divinity. He simply sanctioned an already widely held idea. Datum 37 Longdon tells Naveu that Constantine did not create Jesus divinity, but he simply sanctioned an already widely held idea. Therefore, did not create Jesus’ divinity has the same understanding as simply sectioned the already widely idea. The idea of first sentence is flattened in the second sentence because when Longdon says Constantine did not create Jesus divinity, he also commits the fact of Constantine simply sanctioned an already widely held idea. This occurrence of flattening triggers the entailment between the sentences to be detected by using contexted clause approach. 4 Contexted Clauses Applied in Metaphorical Entailment The example of the application of contexted clause approach in metap horical entailment can be seen from Sister Sandrine‟s utterances in the following datum. Leigh Teabing: You and I, Robert, have observed history. Time has been our glass. We are in history now. Living it. Datum 46 Sir Leigh Teabing tells Longdon about history. The relationship between the idea of history and time in both sentences triggers the correlation background between them. Moreover, the similarity understanding in the background affects the emergence of entailment. In line with the order, the approach of entailment is also caused by the background context; both sentences contain the same context, and explain one another. That is why contexted clause employed. Sir Leigh Teabing‟s utterance shows that background order constructs the entailment in his sentences. The entailment between the bold sentences can be seen as both sentences have metaphorical relation. The word time in Time has been our glass means history because history deals with time.

b. Context Matching

Mirkin 2011: 16 explains that context matching is an approach to identify the compatible contexts for text expressions which are not necessarily substitutable, and are not necessarily lexical. Context matching approach is useful for the phenomena where meaning correspondence is more needed rather than substitution. Hence, to apply context matching, there should be at least two words which are not substitutable but contain meaning correspondence. This restriction triggers the low application of context matching in analyzing the data. As a result, context matching is applied 21 times over the total 57 data. However, those 21 data which apply context matching approach are distributed in all the types of entailment. For the further explanation, the examples and discussion of context matching approach applied in each type of entailment are presented as follows. 1 Context Matching Applied in One-way Entailment