done after the researcher made an interview guide. It was used as guidance for the researcher in doing the interview. It means that the researcher asked some
questions by her but he gave opportunities to the students and the English teacher to say everything related to teaching and learning process of listening. The
researcher interviewed the English teacher and some students of the eleventh grade in SMA N 1 Sleman. It was done before, while, and after the actions have
been implemented. 4. Observation Sheets
Observation sheets were used to evaluate the teaching and learning process in the classroom. It consisted of some evaluations related how the researcher
implementing the research. It was indicated from the evaluation on observation sheets which was evaluated by the teacher for every meeting. The process for
implementing the action was very successful if the teacher gives high score for every meeting on the observation sheets.
5. Photographs Photographs were taken by the observer during the teaching and learning
process. The photograph was one of the references to support the notes about what happened in the classroom. It helped the research team of the action to arrange the
action plan.
E. Data Collection
There were two kinds of data gathered in this study, they were the quantitative data and qualitative data. The quantitative data showed the finding of
students‟ score in listening comprehension in terms of the mean score that could be reached by the students from the pre-test until the post-test of every cycle. Pre-
test was held before the action was implemented. After the action was implemented, the researcher held the post test in each cycle. The students‟ score
were used to measure their listening comprehension improvement. These data were shown in the form of table and interpreted descriptively with the support of
the qualitative data taken from the observation made by the researcher in every session of both cycles, and from the interview with the students.
F. Data Analysis
The analysis of data was represented by the reflection of the cycles of the research. By doing the reflection, the researcher would have authentic knowledge,
which can help the researcher in interpreting the data. The data were analyzed from the result of field notes, interview transcripts, and listening score. The
researcher obtained qualitative and quantitative data from this research. To analyze the data, the researcher used the qualitative and the quantitative
descriptively analysis. Miles and Huberman 1984:16 state some steps to analyze a qualitative
action research data of which most of the data are in form of words, sentences, phrase, and other expressions: 1.Eliminating the unneeded data in order to keep
our focus on the primary data reduction, 2. Presenting the essential and supporting data data display, and 3. Evaluating and drawing conclusion
verification. In reduction, the researcher eliminated unimportant data which
were not related with the improvement of stude nts‟ listening ability. For example,
the researcher summarized the interview transcripts and field notes, and gave some conclusions in observation sheets. In presenting the data display, he wrote
essential data which were supported with the improvement. The last, he drew some charts related to the improvement to give conclusions in the qualitative data.
The descriptive quantitative analysis was used to analyze the quantitative data which cover the students‟ listening test scores. The quantitative data were
presented in the form of tables. They were compared in each cycle to see the differences.
G. Data Validity
