Research Objectives Research Benefits
14 by the teacher. Hints are always given to the students so they can find out and
practice by themselves. Students are able to discuss what they learn with peer group. The last is production. Production is chance to students express their own idea.
Students make a text based on topic that giving by the teacher, which aims to measure how far the students understand about the material. Regarding the
proceses, it can be cocluded that student-centered approach is implemented in PPP. The teachers or instructors provide students with opportunities to learn
independently and from one another. They also coach the students in the skills that need to learn.
According to Vystavelova 2009, there is an advantage of PPP model that leads to the student-centered approach. Using PPP, the lesson is easy to prepare
because the material used for the lesson are ordered from the simplest to the most difficult. Types of activities are arranged from the most controlled to the feast
controlled. Thus, this approach is relatively easy for beginner students or novice level students. In addition, Carless 2009 said that
“low achieving students probably learn better through PPP
”. The PPP has been referred to a teaching method; however, it can be utilized as a useful technique with a variety of teaching
methodologies, such as the most common type communicative approach and text- based approach. In both approaches, students takes dominant role in the learning
process. The scaffold given to the students is gradually decreased in order to be independent.
The learning model should be adjusted to the class’ circumstances. The
systematic procedures can be combined in order to vary the activities and give stimulus to the learners. The first stage, Presentation, aims to buid knowledge or
15 provide general overview. Learners are also engaged because the class will run
smoothly if students have interests. Then, practice stage is also one way to activate learners. Th
is step elaborates learners’ skill and observe how interaction happens in the class. After learners construct their text, performance time should be provided
even in bigger portion if necessary. Assessment can be used to evaluate the process and learners’ progress. Thus, the theory of learning model supports the researcher
to design the learning materials. Other theories that support the explanation about college general English will
be elaborated into three parts. First, English for international communication discusses the importance and needs of English for international communication.
Second, English for general purposes is to find out the general English for college students. The last is English proficiency, which aims to know the English
proficiency level at the university level. The detailed explanation is as follows.