66
Figure 3.1. The Flowchart of the Combination of RD Cycle and ADDIE Model
B. Research Data
This research aimed to design a text-based learning model for college general English, especially for college students who were in the novice level. In conducting
this research, the researcher needed to collect data from various participants. Those participants were the targeted students and lecturers. For the conceptual model, the
researcher gained information by conducting literature study and interview, and
Research and Information Collecting
Planning
Developing the preliminary form
of product
Preliminary field testing Main product revision
Main field testing
Final product revision
Formulating goals Formulating
learning objectives
Listing topics and learning activities
Organizing topics and learning activities
Developing the conceptual model
Developing syllabus
Tentative model
Expert judgment 1st Revision
Try-out
2nd Revision User validation
Product model
A D
D I
E
Literature study Needs analysis
67 distributing questionnaires. The setting in conducting this stage was in Duta
Wacana Christian University and Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. Duta Wacana Christian University and Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta were
selected because the university provides general English program for novice students. Thus, the setting covered Duta Wacana Christian University and
Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. The researcher gained information such as the syllabus, materials, information about the learning programs, and
students’ needs, wants, and lacks. From the data and supported by the relevant theories, the
researcher then assumed the needs. For the product model, the researcher conducted preliminary testing firstly.
Some experts or lecturers were chosen to validate and give suggestions for the designed learning model. It also aimed to confirm the theories employed in this
research. Thus, this step was so-called expert validation. The experts consisted of one lecturer of English Language Education Study Program Sanata Dharma
University, one lecturer of Introduction to College English ICE Duta Wacana Christian University, and one lecturer of Language Institution Muhammadiyah
University of Yogyakarta. The setting of this step was Sanata Dharma University, Duta Wacana Christian University, and Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta.
After the preliminary testing, the researcher did a try-out in one class of ICE, Duta Wacana Christian University. The class consisted of around 26 students. The
setting of this stage was Duta Wacana Christian University. The college general English model was taught in several meetings, depending on the class syllabus. In
the end of the implementation, the students, as the users, got the questionnaires to give feedback, which would guide the researcher to the final revision.
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