Reliability of the Product

54 skills through experiencing a whole writing process as well as realizing the social functions of genres and the contexts in which these genres are used. The next studies had been conducted in Indonesia. The studies are related to college English problems focusing on the learning strategy, developing program, and particular skills. Hendriani 2013 conducted Research and Development in which a model of learning strategy of speaking English was developed based on the learning strategies applied by proficient English speakers among the language learners. The research is aimed at developing an appropriate model of learning strategy to improve students’ speaking skills and finding out the effectiveness of the developed learning strategy model in improving the students’ speaking skills. The result showed that there are several appropriate learning strategies in teaching speaking for college students which can help students overcome their psychological, social, managerial, and linguistic problems before and during speaking English. Another study related to research and development is intended to design model of instructional vocabulary material through reading for college students Nugraheni, 2014. The material is provided for the English class before the students prepare themselves for the working environment. In the study, reading is also considered as the appropriate aid in the learning process because students are able to learn new information, especially about their field, through reading. The product was a template of learning material model which covered warming up, reading section, comprehension questions, part of speech, vocabulary in context, and using appropriate vocabulary. Then, a study conducted by Baskara 2014 provided a learning model for intensive reading at the university level. The designed PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 55 model adapted e- learning which allows the teachers to adapt materials to students’ needs and to connect with many web-resources so that the teachers may improve their creativity. The results of this research presented the features and widgets that were selected according to their suitability with intensive reading and CALL principles. The intensive reading material model was provided in the mobile application that could be accessed by the students. The previous studies enrich the researcher’s point of view in designing the learning model. Text-based learning approach is suitable for college students to improve their English skills through experiencing. If the previous study concerned on writing skill, the developed learning material model will focus on four skills; reading, listening, speaking, and writing. This becomes important since the general English course covers basic English. By reviewing other research also helps the researcher to explore more in developing the designed learning model, which is focused on text-based learning material model. The components such as the learning strategy, vocabulary, media, and so on, should be considered in this study because those will influence the researcher in making decision about what kind of facilities can be provided and how the learning process can be conducted.

D. Theoretical Framework

This section further synthesizes the reviewed theories, characteristics of prospective users, and related research to support the study on how to design a text- based learning model for college general English. The first section, as the foundation, is how the conceptual model looks like. The focus of this study is general English for college students. The materials of general English are selected from syllabus of general English course for non-English departments. English for