55 model adapted e-
learning which allows the teachers to adapt materials to students’ needs and to connect with many web-resources so that the teachers may improve
their creativity. The results of this research presented the features and widgets that were selected according to their suitability with intensive reading and CALL
principles. The intensive reading material model was provided in the mobile application that could be accessed by the students.
The previous studies enrich the researcher’s point of view in designing the learning model. Text-based learning approach is suitable for college students to
improve their English skills through experiencing. If the previous study concerned on writing skill, the developed learning material model will focus on four skills;
reading, listening, speaking, and writing. This becomes important since the general English course covers basic English. By reviewing other research also helps the
researcher to explore more in developing the designed learning model, which is focused on text-based learning material model. The components such as the
learning strategy, vocabulary, media, and so on, should be considered in this study because those will influence the researcher in making decision about what kind of
facilities can be provided and how the learning process can be conducted.
D. Theoretical Framework
This section further synthesizes the reviewed theories, characteristics of prospective users, and related research to support the study on how to design a text-
based learning model for college general English. The first section, as the foundation, is how the conceptual model looks like. The focus of this study is
general English for college students. The materials of general English are selected from syllabus of general English course for non-English departments. English for
56 college students has to achieve epistemic level, in which students are able to
transform knowledge in certain language National Education Department, 2013. Hence, the four skills such as reading, listening, speaking, and writing, are
integrated in the selected materials. In developing the model, the researcher needs to determine the proficiency level as the standard of what level the learners will be.
Since Indonesia has not provided official standard, the researcher will employ Common European Framework References CEFR in which college students
should achieve more or less B1 independent users. This study emphasizes text-based learning because it is concerned with what
learners do with language and the whole texts in context Feez and Joyce, 2002, p.4. Text are also fixed in social practices so the learning program focuses on
college students’ purposes for language use Mickan, 2013, p.22. Therefore, the essence is to determine what is going on in a context and how language is necessary
to what is taking place. The text-based learning material will be designed for two- credit program with 50 minutes for each credit. There are fifteen meetings including
the tests for one semester. The amount of units and topics, and the contents will be decided after conducting the needs analysis and considering the fundamental
theory. The conceptual model can be summarized as follows. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
