T1: Zig-zag T2: Zig-zag
d. Calque
Calque is when words or phrases of the source language are translated literally. It is a special kind of borrowing whereby a language borrows an expression from of
another, but then translates literally each of its elements. For example: T1 : He is the new assistant manager
T2 : Dia adalah asisten manajer yang baru.
e. Compensation
Compensation is a translation technique that introduces a source text element of information or stylistic effect in another place in the target text because it can not
be reflected in the same place as in the source text. For example:
T1 : A burning desire to share The Secret with the world consumed me.
T2 : Hasrat yang menyala-nyala untuk membagikan Rahasia kepada dunia membakar diri saya. Hendrastuti, 2012: 189
f. Description
Description is applied by replacing a term or expression with a description of its form or function. For example:
T1 : I like panetton. T2 : Saya suka panetton, kue tradisional Italia yang dimakan pada saat tahun
baru.
g. Discursive Creation
Discursive creation establishes a temporary equivalence that is totally unpredictable out of context. For example:
T1 : The Minangkabau Response to the Dutch Colonial rule in the Nineteenth Century.
T2 : Asal-usul Elite Minangkabau Modem: Respons terhadap Kolonial Belanda XIXXX. Havid Ardi, 2010: 400
h. Established Equivalent
Established equivalent is for the same situation using a completely different phrase. It can be rendered by two texts using completely different stylistics and structural
methods. For example:
T1 : Sincerely yours T2 : Hormat kami
i. Generalization
Generalization is a translation technique which uses more general or neutral term in the target language. For example:
T1: becak T2: vehicle
j. Linguistic Amplification
Linguistic amplification is a translation technique that adds linguistic elements. This is often used in oral consecutive interpreting and dubbing. For example:
T1 : everything is up to you T2 : semuanya terserah anda sendiri
k. Linguistic Compression
Linguistic Compression is a translation technique that synthesizes linguistic elements in the target text. This is often used in simultaneous interpreting and in
subtitling. For example: T1 : Are you sleepy?
T2 : ngantuk?
l. Literal Translation
Literal translation is when a word or an expression is translated into word-for-word. It is the direct transfer of a source language text. For example:
T1 : The President gave the present to Michael last week. T2 : Presiden memberi hadiah itu pada Michael minggu lalu.
m. Modulation
Modulation is a translation technique that changes the point of view, focus on cognitive category in relation to the source text; it can be lexical or structural. For
example: T1 : Nobody doe
sn’t like it. T2 : Semua orang menyukainya.
n. Particularization
