Pronouns Kinships Theoretical Review

1. Pronouns

Both Bahasa English and Bahasa Indonesia have pronouns of address. In English uses one form you for the second person regardless of the member of people and the social relationship between interlocutors, while Indonesia has more than one second person singular form: kaukamu between peers and younger people, anda polite way, and kalian more than one. In Bahasa Indonesia and English pronoun systems have different formal meanings and conceptual meanings. Larson 1984: 131 and Simatupang 2000: 77 have stated pronoun system as in Table 1 and Table 2 below. Table 1. English Pronoun System Larson 1984:131 Singular Plural 1 st person I We 2 nd person You 3 rd person Masculine Feminime Neuter they he she it Table 2. Indonesian Pronoun System Simatupang 2000:77, adjusted. Personal pronoun Singular Plural 1 st person Aku, daku, hamba, saya kami kita 2 nd person kaukamu anda kalian 3 rd person dia beliau mereka beliau- beliau In the model of Bahasa Indonesia pronoun system above, it can be concluded that the pronoun system is divided both singular and plural into familiar and formal. Bahasa Indonesia pronoun system is more specific with the definition. Meanwhile, the English pronoun system is simpler without distinguishing singular and plural into familiar and formal. As we seen English pronoun system in the table 1.

2. Kinships

The English kinship systems are different from the Indonesian kinship systems. That is why the translator should be careful in translating the English kinship terms into Indonesia kinship terms. Larson 1984: 131 and Simatupang 2000: 77 have stated kinship terms differently. As seen in tables 3 and 4 below. Table 3. The Mapping of English Kinship Terms Larson 1984:131 Lineal Colineal Ablineal Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Second generation previous Previous generation Grandfather grandmother uncle aunty cousin father mother Same generation Ego brother sister Next generation Son daughter nephew niece Second generation following grandson Granddaughter Table 4. The Mapping of Bahasa Indonesia Kinship Terms Simatupang 2000:77 Lineal Colineal Ablineal Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Second generation previous Previous generation kakek nenek paman bibi saudara sepupu ayah ibu Same generation aku saudarakakakadik Next generation anak keponakan Second generation following cucu From the table 4, it can be seen that Bahasa Indonesia Kinship terms do not differentiate masculine and feminine in both lineal and colineal for same generation, next generation, and second generation following. On the country, English kinship terms differentiate male and femaleinto masculine and feminine as the table 3.

3. Titles