8
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter focuses the base theory of this study and the conceptual framework. The theories deal with the description of English taught at vocational
high school majoring computer engineering and networking, the use of ESP approach to develop materials, the method called CBI, materials development,
unit development and task-based language teaching approach. In the end of the chapter, all the theories are put into the conceptual framework as the overview to
guide the flow of this research.
A. Literature Review
1. English Teaching and Learning at Vocational High School
Teaching and learning English at vocational schools cannot be separated from the curriculum as the guide to conduct a subject. Since 2013, the government
has been implementing a new curriculum called Curriculum 2013 to change the previous
curriculum, School-based
Curriculum KTSP.
During the
implementation, Curriculum 2013 raised controversion since some parties such as students, teachers, and schools did not really understand what the curriculum
means, espesially in language teaching and learning. There are some pro and con of the curriculum. Some said it can stimulate students’ critical skills, but others
said that the approach is not really approriate for language teaching and learning. Many schools are also not ready enough to use this new curriculum. Considering
the confusion arised in the Indonesia education, the new Education Ministry made a decision that is applied in 20142015 academic year. Schools that are considered
to be ready to apply Curriculum 2013 are permitted to continue using the curriculum, while schools that are not ready enough can change back to KTSP.
The curriculum of vocational high schools in KTSP and Curriculum 2013 is quiet different. The base of KTSP curriculum is stated in the Governments
’ Regulation No.192005 by Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan BSNP which
states the use ofthe Standard of Content in the Governments ’ Regulation
No.222006. In the Standard of Content, vocational school competencies include three levels: novice, elementary, and intermediate, while in Curriculum 2013 all
competencies in regular high school and vocational school are simply the same. In this study, the researcher is trying to use KTSP as the guide to develop the
materials since SMKN 1 Pundong as the subject of this study employs KTSP. Because the research is conducted for X grade students, the materials are based on
the standard of competencies and basic competence at novice level. The following table presents the school-based Curriculum which is
employed to develop materials in this research.
Table 2.1. Standard of Competence and Basic Competence Standard of Competence Basic Competence
Standard of Competence Basic Competence
1. Communicating in English on the level of Novice
1.1 Understanding the basic language functions
for the
daily social
interactions. 1.2 Mentioning the names of things,
person, characteristics, time, days, months, and years.
Kategori