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subtitles experiences some variations on the category of Theme selections. More about these variations will be discussed in the next section.
However, before some variations on the analytical category above are discussed further, some data found in the data sheet will be presented. These data also provide a
basis for the conclusion of the overall variations collected as the result of the comparison between the English and bahasa Indonesia texts. This general analysis
has grouped all the variations of each clause into a single category of Degree of Variation.
The degree of variation then was classified the frequency of variations which occur in each number of sentences. The classification then was put into order of a
serial rank of the lowest variation to the highest variation. In this point, variation is categorized as the lowest when the comparison of both text results in 0 zero
variation, and it is categorized as the highest when the comparison results in 7 seven variations. The complete result of the comparison between the English and bahasa
Indonesia texts ST and TT can be seen in the table below.
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Table 22: Tabel Degree of Variation
The table above presents the overall variations which are classified into seven degrees. The lowest, very low, low, medium, high, very high, and the highest. The
table also contains the number of sentences in which the degrees of variation occurs. The next column provides the total frequency of sentences in which the degree of
variation occurs. The table shows that the degree of variation mostly occurs at the lowest level, which is found in 1,509 sentences or 89.61 of the total data. This
means that around half of the data show no variation between the ST and the TT. The lower frequency is the very low of variation at 5.70 96 sentences followed by low
of variation at 2.91 49 sentences and medium degrees of variation which are found in 15 sentences each or 0.89 of the total sentences. The next lower frequency
is found in the highest degree of variation which is found in 8 sentences or equals to 0.47 of the total, and followed by the high degree of variation which occurs in 6
sentences or 0.36 of the total data. The last is very high degree of variation which reaches 1 occurrence or 0.06 of the total data.
No Degree of Variations
Frequency Percentage
1 Lowest variation, represented by “0”
1,509 89.61
2 Very Low variation, represented by “1”
96 5.70
3 Low
variation, represented by “2” 49
2.91 4
Medium variation, represented by “3” 15
0.89 5
High variation, represented by “4” 6
0.36 6
Very High variation, represented by “5” 1
0.06 7
Highest variation, represented by “6” 8
0.47
∑ 1,684
100
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B. Explanatory of Variation Degree
The textual meaning breadth analysis of the data is classified into seven scales of variation degree. Each scale represents the level of variation begin with the lowest
to the highest. The explanations of the findings of the seven scales are described as follows.
1. Scale “0” The Lowest Degree of Variation
The “0” scale means that the clause units of T1 and T2 have equivalent thematic structure variation. It means that both data have same number and type of
thematic variation. From the findings, there are 465 unit frequencies of analysis or 58 from the entire unit analysis which have the lowest degree of variation. It is the
most prominent occurrence of the textual meaning breadth variation as the number of the frequency is more than a half of the overall data. Here are examples of the lowest
degree of variation in the data as follows. a.
In Simple Sentence There are many short simple sentences which have zero variation found in the
data. It is because most of the dialogues in the movie are in the form of conversation. Here is an example of simple sentence of T1 that is translated into T2 which has same
thematic realization.
Table 23 . Variation Scale “0” in Simple Sentences
T1 I promise to capture the beast alive.
T2 Aku berjanji untuk menangkap makhluk itu.
Topical Subject Rheme
Theme unit analysis number 22
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From Table 23 above, the two texts are classified into simple clause which is seen in the type of clause. In the type of Theme, the two texts have subject as the
topical Theme. The Subject “I” in English is translated equivalently into Subject “Aku” in Bahasa Indonesia. Meanwhile, in the Theme selection, the topical Themes
of both texts are classified into unmarked Theme as it is unmarked when the subject functions as topical Theme in declarative clauses. Therefore, the comparison of the
two texts has zero variation or the lowest degree of variation as they have same number and type of thematic variation i.e. type of clause, type of Theme and Theme
selection. In Table 23 above, the clauses have simple Theme i.e. only topical Theme. In
simple sentences, it is also possible occurrence of multiple Themes in a clause. Here is an example of multiple Themes occurs in a simple sentence as follows.
Table 24 . Variation Scale “0” in Simple Sentences with Multiple Themes
T1 Mr. Stark,
you
„re cheating. T2
Tuan Stark, kamu
curang. Interpersonal
Vocative Topical Subject
Rheme Theme
unit analysis number 770 In Table 24 above, both sentences are simple clause. In both texts, there are
two kinds of Theme those are interpersonal and topical Themes. The Themes in T1 are transferred equivalently in T2. The vocative interpersonal Theme “Mr. Stark” in
English text is transferred into same function that is vocative interpersonal Theme “Tuan Stark” in Bahasa Indonesia text. Meanwhile, the topical Theme Subject
“you” in English text is also transferred into same function that is topical Theme S “kamu” in Bahasa Indonesia text. The two texts also have unmarked Theme because
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the Themes of both texts functions as Subject. Therefore, the variation of the two texts is zero as the similarity thematic variation.
Zero variation is also found in imperative sentences. Different with declarative, an imperative clause usually begins its starting word with predicator
which functions as topical Theme. That kind of imperative clauses is said having unmarked Theme. However, in unmarked imperative clause, textual andor
interpersonal elements might occur preceding the predicator. Here is the example of that kind of imperative sentences in the data which has zero variation as follows.
Table 25 . Variation Scale “0” in Simple Sentences with Multiple Themes
T1 Oh please,
be
my prisoner. T2 Oh
tolonglah
jadi
tahananku. Textual
Continuative Interpersonal
Modal Adjunct Topical
Predicator Rheme
Theme unit analysis number 1123
In Table 25 above, both texts have same thematic structure that is a sequence of textual Theme, interpersonal Theme, topical Theme, and Rheme at the last. The
textual Theme, which is continuative, “Oh” in T1 is translated into same word “Oh” in T2 which also functions as continuative of textual Theme. The interpersonal
Theme, which is modal adjunct, “please” in T1 is transferred into equivalent word “tolonglah” in T2 which also functions as modal adjunct of interpersonal Theme. The
topical Theme, which is predicator, “be” in T1 is transferred into “jadi” in T2 which
also functions as predicator of topical Theme. Both texts have also unmarked Themes as the topical Themes are the predicators in imperative clauses. Therefore, both texts
are said having zero variation as the similarity of thematic variation. Zero variation is also found in the sentences which have interpersonal clause.
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Interpersonal clause here is seen as a clause which has its own thematic structure but it, at whole, plays role as interpersonal Theme toward the overall sentence. The
example of this kind of variation is as follows.
Table 26 . Variation Scale “0” in Interpersonal Themes
T1 Youd think
he
d take better care of his house. T2
Menurutmu
dia
akan menjaga rumahnya dengan lebih baik
Interpersonal Modal Adjunct
Topical Subject
Rheme Theme
unit analysis number 214 In Table 26 above, although both of the texts are complex clauses structurally,
they can be categorized functionally as simple sentences. They have also two equal Themes i.e. topical and interpersonal Themes. The subject “he” as the topical Theme
in T1 is translated into subject “dia” as the topical Theme in T2. The interpersonal
Theme in T1 is “You‟d think” which is translated into “Menurutmu” in T2. Although the expressions of “You‟d think” and “Menurutmu” are forms of a single clause and
have its own thematic structure, they function as a single expression of interpersonal element toward their own sentences. To prove they are a single expression or not,
they can be tested by adding tag questions after the sentences. For example, in T1, the tag question of the senten
ce “You‟d think he‟d take better care of his house.” is “wouldn’t he?” rather than “wouldn’t you?”. The reason is because the focus of the
sentence is “he” rather than “you”. Therefore, the expression of “You‟d think” is, functionally, one interpersonal element rather than a single clause toward the
sentence, so do with T2. As both texts have equal thematic variation, they have zero degree variation.
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2. Scale “1” the very low degree of variation
There are 106 units of analysis or 13 from the entire unit analysis which have the very low degree of variation. The scale “1” means that the clause units of T1
and T2 have one difference of thematic structure variation. That one difference might happen in the different type of element and in the different number of element. Here
is the example of the very low degree of variation in the data which has different number of element as follows.
Table 27 . Variation Scale “1” in One Different Number of Element
T1
Our subject today is Selvig
T2 Nah subyek hari ini
Selvig Textual Continuative
Topical Subject Rheme
Theme unit analysis number 689
In Table 27 above, both texts are declarative simple sentences. They have equivalent topical Themes which function as subject in each clause. They are “Our
subject today” in T1 and “subyek hari ini” in T2. However, T2 has a continuative “Nah” as the textual Theme which is not found any sort of equal expression in T1.
Therefore, there is an addition of a word in the translation process by adding a continuative “Nah” in the target text. This addition of textual element in the T2 might
not change the meaning of T1. However, the addition of continuative element makes T2 more natural to be read by the watcher of T2 as it functions as filler in
conversation which bridges the utterance with the previous utterance. As T1 and T2 have one difference in the number of Theme type, they have low degree of variation
or degree scale “1” of variation. Variation scale “1” is also found in one different type of element. In this case,
