Scale “0” The Lowest Degree of Variation

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2. Scale “1” the very low degree of variation

There are 106 units of analysis or 13 from the entire unit analysis which have the very low degree of variation. The scale “1” means that the clause units of T1 and T2 have one difference of thematic structure variation. That one difference might happen in the different type of element and in the different number of element. Here is the example of the very low degree of variation in the data which has different number of element as follows. Table 27 . Variation Scale “1” in One Different Number of Element T1 Our subject today is Selvig T2 Nah subyek hari ini Selvig Textual Continuative Topical Subject Rheme Theme unit analysis number 689 In Table 27 above, both texts are declarative simple sentences. They have equivalent topical Themes which function as subject in each clause. They are “Our subject today” in T1 and “subyek hari ini” in T2. However, T2 has a continuative “Nah” as the textual Theme which is not found any sort of equal expression in T1. Therefore, there is an addition of a word in the translation process by adding a continuative “Nah” in the target text. This addition of textual element in the T2 might not change the meaning of T1. However, the addition of continuative element makes T2 more natural to be read by the watcher of T2 as it functions as filler in conversation which bridges the utterance with the previous utterance. As T1 and T2 have one difference in the number of Theme type, they have low degree of variation or degree scale “1” of variation. Variation scale “1” is also found in one different type of element. In this case, 88 the elements which are different are the elements which are under the same type. The example of this very low degree variation in the data is as follows. Table 28 . Variation Scale “1” in One Different type of Element T1 Is there nothing he cannot do? T2 Apa ada yang tidak bisa dilakukannya? Finite Subject Predicator Rheme Interpersonal Topical Theme unit analysis number 720 In Table 28 above, both texts are interrogative sentences. Specifically they are polarity interrogative or yesno question clauses. The expressions which indicate about polarity interrogative in the sentences are the finite verbal operator “Is” in T1 and “Apa” in T2. Therefore, both finite verbal operators are interpersonal Themes in polarity interrogative clauses. They have equal position in the comparison of thematic structures of both texts. In the meantime, the topical Themes in both texts are the subject “there” in T1 and the predicator “ada” in T2. In other words, the expression of “there” in T1 and “ada” in T2 are same in the type of Theme but they are different in the type of element i.e. as a subject and as a predicator. This difference might be caused by different grammatical system between English and Bahasa Indonesia. The two texts also have unmarked Themes. Therefore, it can be said that they have one variation or very low degree of variation.

3. Scale “2” the low degree of variation

There are 80 units of analysis or 10 from the entire unit analysis which have the low degree of variation. The scale “2” means that the clause units of T1 and T2 have two differences of thematic structure variation. Those differences might be 89 occur in two different numbers of element, in one different type of element which make two differences of thematic variation, or in one different number of element and one different type of element. Here is the example of two variations in different type of element as follows. Table 29. Va riation Scale “2” in Two Different Type of Element T1 But what has Stark brought back this time? Unmarked T2 Tapi kali ini apa yang dibawa Stark? Marked Conjunctive Adjunct Wh- Introgative Circumstance Rheme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal Topical Theme unit analysis number 1211 In Table 29 above, both texts are interrogative simple sentences. They have also equal textual Themes which function as conjunctive adjunct i.e. “But” in T1 and “Tapi” in T2. The topical Theme of T1 is the questions word “what”, as circumstance, which functions simultaneously as the interpersonal Theme as it is element of Wh-interrogative. As the topical Theme of T1 is the element of Wh- interrogative, T1 is unmarked. Meanwhile, the topical Theme of T2 is the adjunct of time “kali ini” which functions as circumstance. For that reason, T2 is marked as its topical Theme, of an interrogative clause, is neither Wh-interrogative nor finite verbal operator. Therefore, two variation makers of both texts are the missing of interpersonal Theme in T2 and the different Theme selection of the two texts. 90 Table 30 . Variation Scale “2” in one different number and one different type of element T1 Does anyone know where they are? T2 Ada yang tahu dimana mereka? Subject Predicator Rheme Interpersonal Finite Verbal Operator Topical Theme unit analysis number 1256 In Table 30 above, both texts are categorized as polarity interrogative sentences. In T1, the expression which conveys polarity question is the finite verbal operator “Does”. It plays role as interpersonal Theme of the clause. Meanwhile, this element is not found its realization in T2. Therefore, the lack of interpersonal element in T2 creates one different number of elements. Meanwhile, the topical Themes of both texts are the subject “anyone” in T1 and the predicator “Ada” in T2. As the kind of topical Themes of both texts are different, it makes one different type of element. Besides, both texts have unmarked Themes. Therefore, the comparison of both texts has two degrees variation.

4. Scale “3” the medium degree of variation

There are 85 units of analysis or 11 from the entire unit analysis which have the medium degree of variation. The scale “3” means that the clause units of T1 and T2 have three differences of thematic structure variation. Three different degrees variation is frequently found in the comparison of a simple clause and an ellipsisminor clause. The example of this variation is as follows. 91 Table 31 . Variation Scale “3” in Comparison of Simple Sentence and EllipsisMinor Sentence T1 That s nice, kid. T2 Bagus nak. Topical Subject Rheme Theme unit analysis number 253 In Table 31 above, both texts have different type of sentences. T1 is a simple clause and T2 is minor clause. As it is elliptical, T2 has no the thematic structure or it has Rheme only. The full expression of T2 should be “Itu bagus nak.”. However, the translator mig ht choose to use the elliptical “Bagus nak.” only as the conversation situation in the movie is informal. In T1, the topical Theme is the subject “That” which is not found its realization in T2. Therefore, the comparison of both texts has three variations i.e. one different type of clauses, a lack of topical Theme in T2 and a lack of Theme selection in T2. Three degrees variation is also found in the different type and different number of elements. Different type of elements also covers different type of clauses. Different number of elements includes a lack of Theme elements in one text which the other text have those Theme elements. Here is the example of three degrees variation in the data as follows. Table 32 . Variation Scale “3” in Different Type and Number of Elements T1 Come back tomorrow and then I will again have the weapon, yes. T2 Kembalilah besok Topical Predicator Rheme Textual Theme Structural Topical Subject Rheme Theme Theme unit analysis number 1093