express the supports. The writer might also want to contribute in handing down the ideologies to the readers. This is proven by the frequency of the attitudes in the
folktales. The following is the table presenting the summary of the frequency of each realization in every folktale.
Table 4.27 the Summary of the Frequency of Attitude in each Folktale Affect
Judgment Appreciation Total
TToM
29 8
15
52 SFaER
8 18
20
46 TMI
14 19
16
49 TPoGM
7 9
11
27 TDPoK
17 10
9
36 TSToIM
12 5
6
23 Total
87 37.34
69 29.61
77 33.05
233 100
Overall in all folktales, the most frequent realization of the attitude is by affect by 37.34. The nature of affect is the depiction of positive and negative
feelings. Thus the topics, and therefore the ideologies are supported by the positive and negative feelings in the folktales. The distribution of the feeling is elaborated
in each section of the topic. The second most frequent attitude is by the appreciation. Appreciation is a type of attitude toward natural phenomenon. The
appreciation occurs 33.05. The least frequent attitude is the judgment. Judgment is an attitude towards behaviors.
4.2.3.1 Human Powerlessness
Human powerlessness appears to be the most prominent topic that utilizes attitude. The attitude in this topic is mostly presented by the affect or the way of
feelings. The affect occurs 55 times of the total attitude. The second most frequent
attitude is realized by judgment appearing 44 times. The least frequent attitude presents in the form of appreciation by 35 times of appearance. The discussion and
elaboration is based on those realizations. The following table displays the distribution of attitude in the topic about human powerlessness. Further, the detailed
attitudinal analysis of this topic can be accessed in appendix nine.
Table 4.28 the Distribution of Attitude in Human Powerlessness
No. Folktales Affect
Judgment Appreciation Total
1. TToM
12 7
2
21
2. SFaER
8 6
8
22
3. TMI
8 11
9
28
4. TPoGM
7 9
11
27
5. TDPoK
9 7
4
20
6. TSToIM
11 4
1
16 Total
55 44
35 134
In analyzing attitude the realization should consider the kinds of the affect. In the case of human powerlessness, the affect is configured by happiness, security,
and satisfaction. In this topic, no desire is employed. The following table shows how the affects presents the topic by the frequency.
Table 4.29 the Kinds of Affects in the Topic about Human Powerlessness
No Folktales
des hap
sec sat
Total + - + - + - + -
1. TToM
0 0 1 2 1 1 1 6 12
2. SFaER
0 0 0 0 3 4 1 0 8
3. TMI
0 0 0 3 0 3 1 1 8
4. TPoGM
0 0 0 3 0 2 0 2 7
5. TDPoK
0 0 0 5 0 3 0 1 9
6. TSToIM
0 0 0 6 0 2 0 3 11
7. Total
0 0 1 19 4 15 3 13 55
From table 4.29, the affects are dominated by negative mode of the affects. The most frequent affect is the negative happiness. This frequency signifies that the
appraisers in the folktales are being unhappy by the appraised. This unhappiness supports the powerlessness of human being. The following table is taken from
appendix nine to exemplify the negative happiness in the folktales.
Table 4.30 the Examples of Negative Happiness No.
Appraising items
Appraiser Affect
Appraised
1. to his dismay
He Empu Najo -hap
saw that she was no longer breathing
2. to indulge his
grief He Empu Najo
-hap for he had two newborn
babies to bring up alone.
The powerlessness of human being is depicted by the sadness that the characters in the folktales suffer from. From table 4.30, the main character, Empu
Najo, suffers from the death of his wife. To diminish the sadness, he needs to do
something that is taking care of his newborn babies. He cannot bear the sadness by himself.
Other negative mode of the affect is the negative security. In this case, therefore the main characters of the folktales might feel unsafe about their life. They
might be being attacked or threatened by others. Being possible to be threatened or unsafe supports the topic of powerlessness. The following table displays the
examples of negative security in the folktale 2. The examples are excerpts from appendix nine.
Table 4.31 the Examples of Negative Security No.
Appraising items Appraiser
Affect Appraised
1. was scared
Empu Rencak -sec
- 2.
gripped his beladau tightly Empu Rencak
-sec -
3. crept towards his home
Empu Rencak -sec
- 4.
his knife raised ready to attack Empu Rencak -sec -
The last negative affect is negative satisfaction. The feelings bolds the displeasure of the appraiser. It supports the topic of human powerlessness by
showing that human’s life is unsatisfying. The appraisers feel uncomfortable with their life. However, in some cases, they can do nothing about their life. The
followings are the examples of negative satisfaction in a folktale. The examples are excerpts from appendix nine.
Table 4.32 the Examples of Negative Satisfaction No.
Appraising items Appraiser
Affect
1. grew hungrier and hungrier
the village -sat
2. confused and stricken with grief the pirates
-sat
The examples in table 4.32 presents the human powerlessness by two dissatisfaction. The first dissatisfaction is about human’s hunger. In a general
perspective, hunger is natural for human beings. Thus, this example might suggest that by nature, human being is powerless. The second dissatisfaction is related to
the feeling of confusion. Being confused can be interpreted as experiencing unexpected occurrences. This feeling might also suggest that human beings are
often dissatisfied. The second prominent attitude is judgement. By this type of attitude, human
being is depicted as powerless by presenting the attitudes towards their behaviors.
Similar to the analysis of affect, the analysis of judgment needs also to consider the mode of judgment. The following table shows the frequency of judgement in the
folktales.
Table 4.33 the Kinds of Judgment in the Topic about Human Powerlessness
norm cap
prop ten
ver Total
+ - + - + - + - + -
TToM 0 0 0
7 0 0 0 0 0 0
7
SFaER 0 0 2
2 0 0 0 1 0 1
6
TMI 0 0 4
1 1 0 1 4 0 0
11
TPoGM 0 1 2 4
1 1 0 0
9
TDPoK 0 0 4 1 1 1 0 0
7
TSToIM 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Total
0 1 12 19 2 1 2 6 0 1 44
The attitude in terms of judgment appears by utilizing all the kinds of judgment. However, the analysis consider the most prominent kinds of judgment.
From table 4.33, the most prominent kinds of judgment are the positive and negative capacity and negative tenacity.
Capacity supports the topic about human powerlessness by highlighting the capability of the appraised party. The negative capacity appears to be more frequent
than the positive capacity. More importantly, the capacity bolds the normality in the evaluation. Therefore, the human powerlessness is supported more by
incapability of the appraised rather than by the capability of the appraised. The following table displays the examples of negative capability in the folktales.
